The recent decision by a federal court judge in Mississippi to deny defendants’ motion for summary judgment in United States ex rel. Jamison v. McKesson rejected a well-established defense to claims that competitively procured arrangements for goods and services constituted “remuneration” for purposes of the Anti-Kickback Statute (“AKS”).  Where it has been alleged that providers violated the AKS by offering discounted goods or services in exchange for Medicare or Medicaid referrals, providers can ordinarily establish that they did not violate the AKS by showing that the purported discounts reflected fair market value for the goods or services provided and thus did not constitute remuneration under the AKS.  But the decision in Jamison is allowing the government to proceed to trial on its theory that the arrangement at issue, which was the result of a competitive RFP process, was not fair market value because the reimbursement rate was below the cost of providing the services.  By shifting the focus of the fair market value inquiry from competitive market forces to the cost of services provided, this decision potentially signals risks for providers and payors concerning private contracts negotiated in highly competitive markets.

The claims in Jamison arise from arrangements between MediNet, a subsidiary of McKesson Corp., and nursing home operator Beverly Enterprises.   Plaintiffs allege that MediNet provided remuneration to Beverly in the form of below-market billing services, purportedly in exchange for a contract for McKesson to supply enteral nutrition products to residents of Beverly nursing homes.   This arrangement allegedly violated the AKS, thereby making claims submitted for the enteral nutrition products, which were reimbursed through Medicare, “false claims” for purposes of the False Claims Act (“FCA”).

Evidence adduced in discovery established that the billing contract between MediNet and Beverly was awarded through a competitive RFP process.  Defendants moved for summary judgment on the ground that procurement through a competitive bid established that the billing contract was at fair market value and thus could not constitute remuneration under the AKS.  Although the court did not characterize it as such, the government’s response was a “corrupt market” theory, alleging that the bidders were incentivized to bid the billing contract at below-cost rates in order to get the follow-on Medicare business from Beverly.  The court, without any detailed factual analysis or citation to authority, concluded that the evidence cited by the government was enough to create a triable issue of fact on the question of remuneration.

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