After nearly 20 years of promulgation by executive orders, bipartisan export control reform legislation has re-established a permanent statutory basis for the control of commercial and dual-use items licensed by the Department of Commerce (DOC). The Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA) is part of the Fiscal Year 2019 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which was signed into law by the president on 13 August 2018. Senator John Cornyn, the bill's sponsor in the Senate, stated that the ECRA's language "maintains the changes to export control laws which address concerns about the transfer of technology through joint ventures . . . and . . . strengthens enforcement of export controls."