In a rare occurrence, a so-called deferred prosecution agreement entered into by the U.S. Department of Justice with a target of a criminal investigation has been subject to scrutiny by a federal judge, and the result wasn’t favorable to the government.

In fact, a judicial ruling in the case of a fired Miami bank executive appears to be a signal from the bench to the department that it needs to watch what actions it takes in connection with deferred prosecution agreements. These agreements are hardly ever reviewed by judges in the normal course, so U.S. District Judge William Dimitrouleas’s opinion is particularly telling.

The judge ruled that the department will have to defend against a constitutional claim made by Sergio Masvidal, the former banker, arising from a side agreement that was part of a deferred prosecution arrangement.

Masvidal was ousted as chairman of American Express Bank International in the wake of a 2007 deferred prosecution agreement entered into by the bank and the Justice Department, which had been looking into compliance by banks with laws aimed at finding bank accounts connected with drug trafficking. The bank paid $65 million as part of the settlement – and the day before the agreement, it entered into a side agreement with the department, in the form of a letter, not filed in court, that required Masvidal’s dismissal after the bank was sold.

Please see full article below for more information.