On 14 July, the same day the president signed into law the Hong Kong Autonomy Act (the act), President Trump issued the Executive Order on Hong Kong Normalization (the EO) directing federal agencies to impose a range of trade and other restrictions on Hong Kong in response to China's new National Security Law. The administration has expressed concerns that the new National Security Law will effectively end Hong Kong's autonomy by enabling Chinese authorities to exercise expansive emergency authority in Hong Kong in connection with activities that they deem to be acts of secession, subversion, terrorism, and/or collusion with a foreign country.