In response to a government investigation, the company has conducted a comprehensive internal investigation, taking steps necessary to establish and maintain applicable privileges and protections. The company now wants to cooperate with the government by providing information learned during its investigation, but it wants to avoid waiving privilege in doing so. Even more, it wants to avoid broad subject matter waiver over the investigation. It is axiomatic that facts are not protected by either the attorney-client privilege or the work product doctrine. Instead, the substance of communications, and related notes and summaries, may be protected by both the attorney-client privilege and the work product doctrine. Distilling non-privileged facts from privileged communications to prepare a presentation for the government can be challenging. If the company discloses the substance of identifiable privileged communications, there is a risk of waiver.