In recent years, African stars have soared. Governments, investors, and citizens have driven – and benefited from – booms in banking, construction, retail, and telecommunications. All along, of course, African states have developed their natural resources segments. Indeed, natural resources have spurred or enabled much of the growth across Africa.

As global hunger for commodities has persisted, African states have reaped the revenues – and experienced the related pressures – needed to expand their economies. By selling raw resources or leveraging them in commodities backed borrowings, moreover, African governments will continue to derive dollars to support their aspirations (and appurtenant appetites for revenues).

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