The U.S. federal securities laws, the Commodity Exchange Act and regulations thereunder, and certain other applicable federal laws, rules and regulations, as well as rules of U.S. self-regulatory organizations (such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and National Futures Association) impose reporting and compliance obligations on asset managers and investment funds. Some of these requirements apply only to U.S.-registered investment advisers, commodity pool operators or commodity trading advisors, but others apply to investment managers and funds that are located outside the United States and are not registered in the United States.