In Pacific Investment Management Co. LLC v. Mayer Brown LLP, No. 09-1619, 2010 WL 1659230 (2d Cir. Apr. 27, 2010), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the dismissal of securities fraud claims asserted against outside counsel to Refco Inc. (“Refco”), holding that such secondary actors can be held liable for damages in a private securities fraud action only if the alleged false or misleading statements are attributed to that secondary actor at the time the statements were disseminated. Without a showing of this so-called “attribution requirement,” secondary actors who participate in the preparation or creation of false statements can be guilty of no more than “aiding and abetting,” which under Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., 511 U.S. 164 (1994), cannot form the basis of a securities fraud claim. This decision confirms the Second Circuit’s strict application of Central Bank and Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., 552 U.S. 148 (2008), to limit securities fraud claims against secondary actors.