Companies, financial entities and service providers may consider the execution of legal documents using electronic means in the context of social distancing measures and other precautions currently in place amid the spread of the COVID-19 disease in Mexico.

Below is a high-level summary of the validity and enforceability of electronic signatures in Mexico (including cross-border aspects).

Validity and Enforceability of Electronic Signatures in Mexico

Electronic signatures are valid and enforceable in Mexico and create legal obligations among contracting parties, provided that such signatures satisfy certain technical requirements set forth in Article 97 of Mexico's Commerce Code (CC).

Generally, using an electronic signature is a legal way of expressing a signatory's consent with respect to the information contained in a given data message. It produces the same legal effects as a handwritten signature and is considered as admissible evidence in court proceedings.

Please note that some legal documents (e.g., the execution of a mortgage) require additional formalities in order to be perfect or enforceable against third parties. Such formalities include the execution of public deeds and filings with public registries and regulators.

Electronic signatures in Mexico need to satisfy the following technical requirements:

• The signature creation data are, within the context in which they are used, linked to the signatory and to no other person.
• The signature creation data were, at the time of signing, under the control of the signatory and of no other person.
• Any alteration to the electronic signature, made after the time of signing, is detectable.
• With respect to providing assurance as to the integrity of the data message to which it relates, any alterations made to the information contained therein after the time of signing is detectable.

Validity of Contracts and Legal Documents

Any contract or legal document executed by electronic means or using electronic signatures should be legally binding and enforceable, provided that (i) the data message documenting such contract or legal document remains complete (íntegro)and unaltered, (ii) the electronic signature complies with the technical requirements described above and (iii) the law does not require additional formalities such as notarization or filing with public registries or regulators.

General Recommendations

Below are general recommendations for implementing the use of electronic signatures:

• Identify and refer to any master/general purchase agreement (Master Agreement) governing the contractual and commercial relationship between parties.
• If there is a Master Agreement, include a reference to the applicable law and jurisdiction under such agreement; or, if there is no Master Agreement, include a provision/clause regulating the law and jurisdiction applicable to the specific agreement/legal document (for validity purposes of the electronic signature, the applicable law may be Mexican law or otherwise).
• Include a brief provision stating that the parties acknowledge and agree to express their consent through electronic means using DocuSign or other software.
• Ensure that any software or digital platform used for the remote exchange of signatures or the execution of documents issues a certificate that complies with the technical requirements set forth in Article 97 of the CC and maintains the integrity and completeness of the executed document.

Cross-Border Aspects

Following the principle of technological neutrality, Mexican law gives legal effect to documents and agreements executed abroad electronically provided that the digital certificate produced in connection with the executed document offers an equivalent level of reliability compared to the requirements under Mexican law.

The CC states that this level of reliability is met when the certificate satisfies requirements set forth in international treaties and instruments to which Mexico is a party. Mexican law replicated the international standards for such certificates contemplated in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law of Electronic Signatures, and therefore a certificate issued abroad that complies with the requirements set forth in the CC would be deemed as a having an equivalent level of reliability.

Signing Options and General Recommendations

Note that there are many types of digital and electronic signatures with different levels of reliability. All of these options may be valid and enforceable electronic signatures under Mexican law provided that the data messages, digital certificates and technical features satisfy the requirements of the CC.

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DISCLAIMER: Please note that the situation surrounding COVID-19 is evolving and that the subject matter discussed in these publications may change on a daily basis.