MiFID II introduced obligations to record telephone conversations and any electronic communications that are intended to lead to a transaction. Records must be kept for at least five years.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, saw the majority of AFME member firms move towards a predominantly home-based model of remote working. Firms also saw a significant increase in their use of electronic communications and videoconferencing tools for training and onboarding new staff, as well as for communicating with employees and certain clients.