The amount of PCORI fees due by employer sponsors and insurers is based upon the number of covered lives under each “applicable self-insured health plan” and “specified health insurance policy” (as defined by regulations) and the plan or policy year end date. The fee must be paid on or before July 31st each year. The fees due by July 31, 2024 are for plan years ending in 2023 and are as follows:

• For plan years ending between January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the fee is $3.00 per covered life.
• For plan years ending between October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023, the fee is $3.22 per covered life.

Insurance carriers are responsible for calculating and paying the PCORI fee for fully insured plans. The employer is responsible for paying the fee on behalf of a self-insured plan, including an HRA. In general, health FSAs are not subject to the PCORI fee.

Employers that sponsor self-insured group health plans must report and pay PCORI fees using the second quarter IRS Form 720, Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return. The second quarter form is generally not released by the IRS until the second quarter of the applicable filing year (usually in or around May of the applicable filing year). Therefore, the Form 720 used for the 2024 filing deadline will not likely be available until in or around May 2024, and employers who sponsor self-insured group health plans subject to the PCORI fee must wait to file until the correct Form 720 is available.

The average number of covered lives for the plan year is generally calculated using the snapshot, snapshot factor, actual count, or Form 5500 method. These counting methods will be described in more detail in a future alert as we approach the 2024 filing deadline.

Also note that because the PCORI fee is assessed on the plan sponsor of a self-insured plan, it generally should not be included in the premium equivalent rate that is developed for self-insured plans if the plan includes employee contributions. However, an employer’s payment of PCORI fees is tax deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense.