A federal district court has denied a cedent’s motion to dismiss a negligence claim brought against it by its reinsurer, Old Republic National Title Insurance. The dispute between Old Republic and First American Title arose out of a reinsurance agreement where Old Republic agreed to assume a specified share of First American’s contractual liability under certain title insurance policies. First American negotiated a settlement of claims brought under those title policies and then asserted that Old Republic was obligated under the reinsurance agreement to pay its proportionate share of that sum. Old Republic paid the amount under a full reservation of rights, then sued First American for several causes of action, including negligence. The negligence claim alleged that when Old Republic made the offer for the reinsurance agreement, “First American undertook a duty to underwrite the Title Policies in a reasonably prudent manner and created a special relationship” with Old Republic that First American then breached.

First American moved to dismiss the negligence claim, arguing that the “gist of the action” doctrine precludes it. That doctrine states that an action in tort will not arise for breach of contract unless the tort action arises independent of the existence of the contract. First American argued that its liability stems from the parties’ reinsurance agreement and any duty owed by First American to Old Republic arises solely out of that contractual relationship. The court rejected that argument and the doctrine’s application, stating that the nature of the relationship between reinsurers and cedents, including the exercise of utmost good faith between them, supported a duty grounded in social policy, not solely in contract. The court further found that irrespective of the source of the duty owed, the negligence claim would not be dismissed because Old Republic, in the alternative, sought to rescind the reinsurance agreement and if the rescission claim ultimately prevailed, then the “gist of the action” would no longer be contractual. Old Republic National Title Insurance Co. v. First American Title Insurance Co., No. 8:15-cv-126 (USDC M.D. Fla. March 25, 2015).