On December 5, 2022, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) proposed a rule that would increase reporting for many per- and polyfluoroalkyl (“PFAS”) substances in the Toxics Release Inventory (“TRI”) under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (“EPCRA”).  The National Defense Authorization Act added 160 PFAS compounds to the TRI list in 2020, and EPA has subsequently added additional PFAS compounds to the list.  Companies are required to report if they manufacture, process, or otherwise use 100 pounds or more of any listed PFAS compound. 

EPA is now proposing that PFAS compounds on the TRI should be classified as “Chemicals of Special Concern,” which will eliminate:  (1) the use of the de minimis exemption for manufacturers; (2) the use of the de minimis exemption for suppliers; and (3) the use of a specific reporting form (Form A) for the listed PFAS substances.

I. No De Minimis Exception For TRI Reporting

Initially companies were not required to consider certain de minimis concentrations – specifically less than 1% - of listed PFAS chemicals in mixtures and trade name products when evaluating their overall usage for TRI reporting purposes.  However, according to the Federal Register, “[s]ince the de minimis level is based on relative concentration rather than a specific amount, the application of this exemption to PFAS listed under sections 7321(b) and 7321(c) could allow significant quantities of such PFAS to be excluded from TRI reporting by facilities. For example, if a facility imports, processes, or otherwise uses 100,000 pounds of a mixture or trade name product that contains 0.5% of a listed PFAS, then 500 pounds (or five times the reporting threshold) would be disregarded. This exclusion is inconsistent with a concern for small quantities of PFAS.” 

The change is in part driven by the fact that the PFAS TRI data submitted to EPA in 2021 and 2022 demonstrated that fewer facilities reported PFAS substances than expected.

II. No De Minimis Exception for Supplier Notification Requirements

In addition, EPA is proposing to remove the de minimis exception for Supplier Notification Requirements for all chemicals of special concern.  Broadly speaking, the Supplier Notification Requirements obligate certain industries to provide notice to downstream customers if their products, including mixtures and trade name products, contain chemicals that are subject to TRI reporting requirements.  The Supplier Notification Requirements have been subject to the same 1% de minimis exception (or 0.1% for carcinogens) for listed chemicals in products.

However, as EPA explains, “[i]f finalized, this proposal would also make the de minimis exemption unavailable for purposes of supplier notification requirements to downstream facilities for all chemicals on the list of chemicals of special concern, which also includes certain persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals like lead, mercury, and dioxins.”

In short, the elimination of the de minimis exemption would result in a “more complete picture” of the releases and waste management qualities of PFAS substances.

III. Public Comment Period

The public comment period lasts until February 3, 2023.  If interested, your business is encouraged to submit a comment to the regulations page and reference docket number EPA-HQ-TRI-2022-0270. 

EPA provides some helpful tips in submitting effective comments.

IV. Conclusion

Without a de minimis exemption, it is likely that TRI reporting requirements for listed PFAS compounds will increase for companies that use those compounds, and for suppliers whose products contain those chemicals.  If your company is subject to TRI reporting obligations generally, understanding whether your company manufactures, processes, or otherwise uses any of the listed PFAS compounds is now essential in order to ensure your ongoing compliance, especially in light of the low reporting threshold for listed PFAS compounds.