Berger v. North Carolina Conference of the NAACP, No. 21-248: This case, in which North Carolina legislative leadership argued they have a right to intervene to defend the State’s voter ID law, raises the following issues: 1) Whether a state agent authorized by state law to defend the State’s interest in litigation must overcome a presumption of adequate representation to intervene as of right in a case in which a state official is a defendant. 2) Whether a district court’s determination of adequate representation in ruling on a motion to intervene as of right is reviewed de novo or for abuse of discretion. 3) Whether Petitioners are entitled to intervene as of right in this litigation.