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11B Opal Court
Barnegat, New Jersey 08005, United States
Phone: 201.594.9430
Fax: 201.740.9765
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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Change in Ownership, Co-Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Establishing A Business Entity In Sweden (Updated)

1. TYPES OF ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN SWEDEN THROUGH WHICH TO CONDUCT BUSINESS AND MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN CHOOSING A BUSINESS ENTITY TYPE - The most common form of business association in Sweden is a Limited Liability…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity, Corporate Governance

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate sector…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

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Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Establishing a Business Entity in Romania (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - When entering the Romanian market, foreign investors have the option of incorporating a new legal entity with a Romanian legal personality, or setting up a unit of a foreign mother company,…more

Anti-Avoidance, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Ontario (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (ONTARIO) LAW - INTRODUCTION - Canada, a bijural country, utilizes both common and civil law. Except for Québec, a civil law jurisdiction, the common law operates in…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Why Creators Need to Pay Close Attention to the SCOTUS Andy Warhol Infringement Case

The US Supreme Court in March decided it will revisit a dispute over pop artist Andy Warhol’s images of Prince. In taking up the case, Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith, the Court aims to more clearly…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Fair Use, Intellectual Property Litigation

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Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability companies…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

Since 1990, the Hungarian economy is based on the principles of market economy and considers the freedom of economic competition as a priority. On such basis, the regulation of business associations went through significant…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - We present here the following answers to the questions mentioned in the ILN Restructuring & Insolvency Collaborative Paper which reflect the…more

Bankruptcy Plans, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Australian Intellectual Property Reforms Ahead

2024 appears to be a year of change in the Australian Intellectual Property realm, with the adoption by IP Australia of the Madrid Goods and Services List and the introduction of the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment…more

Australia, Goods or Services, Intellectual Property Protection, Patents, Trademark Application

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Vaccine Requirements – Philippines

In the Philippines, the nation-wide rollout of COVID-19 vaccines began in 2021. To date, the Philippines has administered at least 141,959,452 doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination, although not a standalone control measure,…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety, High Risk Covid Employees

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Intellectual Property Extensions Resulting from Coronavirus

Currently, the USPTO is not offering extensions to patent and trademark application deadlines. The USPTO is, however, offering fee waivers to those affected by the coronavirus in the following situations...…more

Argentina, Asia, Australia, Austria, Brazil

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The Training Wheels are Off: The Copyright Implications of Training Generative AI

With the introduction of several readily available applications, artificial intelligence (AI) has leaped into the mainstream and brought with it a host of legal questions. Following the release in November of the now popular…more

Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Derivative Works

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Establishing A Business Entity In Norway

Different Business Entities - 1.1 Introduction and outline - Enterprises in Norway may be organized in several ways; the most common are limited liability companies, partnerships and sole proprietorship. When selecting…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capitalization

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Usage of Ad Words by a Competitor Does Not Amount to Trademark Infringement

Google AdWords have long been used by businesses to ensure that their business listings feature on top of the Google search results when the users search for particular terms (which have been bought by a business from Google)…more

Advertising, Brand, Google, India, Intellectual Property Protection

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hungary (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HUNGARIAN LAW- 1. Types of real estate transactions - In the Hungarian market, the typical types of real estate transactions can be differentiated as follows. 1.1 Transfer of…more

Agricultural Land, Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Condominiums, Hungary

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Should Disclaimers Always Be Made in U.S. Trademark Applications?

Suppose you have a pending U.S. trademark application for your trademark on goods or services for your business and a term or wording in the trademark is descriptive of your goods or services. During the examination of your…more

Disclaimers, Goods or Services, Intellectual Property Protection, Trademark Application, Trademark Registration

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Norway (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER NORWEGIAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENT - A. Offer to Purchase sets forth Buyer’s offer of price and date for closing. Seller may accept or reject. B. The purchase…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds

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Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Establishing a Business Entity in Spain (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINES ENTITIES - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - • Limited companies: Corporation and Limited Liability Company - When…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax, Corporate Governance

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What French Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? Sexual harassment is defined as any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person, in particular…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof, Criminal Code

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER DUTCH LAW - Introduction - The purchase of an immovable property is a mutual agreement. Neither the seller nor the buyer has the obligation to make use of the services of a…more

Apartments, Buyers, Capital Gains, Corporate Taxes, Income Taxes

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Establishing a Business Entity in the United States (Updated)

1. Choosing the Right Legal Structure - 1.1 Introduction - Establishing a business entity in the United States can be an important strategic step for any international company that wants to avail itself of the world’s…more

Annual Filings, Annual Reports, B-1, Banks, Business Entities

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 71: Sven Burchartz, Kalus Kenny Intelex

Sven Burchartz is a partner with Kalus Kenny Intelex, a progressive, commercially oriented firm, specializing in property, corporate and commercial, and dispute resolution in Australia and a member of the International Lawyers…more

Artificial Intelligence, Collaboration, Marketing, Strategic Planning

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Data Privacy Guide - Argentina

In Argentina, data protection is governed by comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding individuals' personal data. Below you will find an outline of the key aspects including governing legislation, exploring their scope of…more

Argentina, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Breach, Data Collection

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 52: Martino Canal, Ferrari Pedeferri Boni Studio Legale Associato | Italy

Martino Canal is a labor partner at Ferrari Pedeferri Boni Studio Legale Associato in Milan, Italy, which is also a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Martino cover the importance of…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Colombian Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? In Colombia there is no specific regulation from a labor law perspective that defines which acts and/or behaviors could imply sexual harassment. However, Colombia, as part of ILO…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Colombia, Criminal Code

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Ontario

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (ONTARIO) LAW - Canada, a bijural country, utilizes both common and civil law. Except for Québec, a civil law jurisdiction, the common law operates in all remaining…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Construction Liens

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The Colombian Copyright Agency Analyses AI-created Works and Provides an Initial Approach to the Protection Under Copyright Laws

The protection of works created from the human intellect, under the legislations that have adopted a droit d’auter system, is centered on the relationship existing between the individual who created the work, and the piece that…more

Artificial Intelligence, Authorship, Colombia, Copyright, Intellectual Property Protection

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Data Privacy Guide - Brazil

Introduction - The Brazilian General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”), enacted in 2018 and enforced since 2020, serves as the cornerstone of the country's data protection framework. Its primary objective is to ensure the…more

Brazil, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Cross-Border

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds

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Can Lawsuits under Breach of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Clauses Be Suspended Through Preliminary Injunction?

When civil disputes arise, in addition to seeking binding judgment through civil proceedings, parties can resolve the disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms such as arbitration, settlement, and…more

Appeals, Arbitration, Breach of Contract, Patent Infringement, Patent Litigation

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Foreign Investment

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Establishing a Business Entity in Greece (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The main business entities in Greece are the following: i) the Société Anonyme (S.A.); ii) the Private Company (P.C.); iii) the Limited Liability Company (Ltd); iv) the General Partnership and…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Formation

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Trademark License Rights Survive Rejection in Bankruptcy

Settling a circuit split, the U.S. Supreme Court, in an 8-1 decision, has concluded that a trademark licensee’s rights are not automatically terminated when a debtor in bankruptcy rejects the license agreement. The…more

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP), Bankruptcy Code, Breach of Contract, Commercial Bankruptcy, Debtors

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Trademark Considerations for Copyrighted Works in the Public Domain

In the United States, an original work of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression (meaning the work can be communicated in a visual or audio form) is a protectable copyright. This means that the owner has the…more

Copyright, Disney, Intellectual Property Protection, Public Domain, Trademarks

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District of Delaware Update

Last August, two new judges joined the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Judge Colm F. Connolly and Judge Maryellen Noreika.  Judge Connolly filled the seat previously held by Judge Sue L. Robinson and…more

Daubert Standards, Genuine Issue of Material Fact, Judges, Local Rules, Patent Infringement

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Establishing a Business Entity in the United States (Updated)

1. Choosing the Right Legal Structure - 1.1 Introduction - Establishing a business entity in the United States can be an important strategic step for any international company that wants to avail itself of the world’s…more

Annual Filings, Annual Reports, B-1, Banks, Business Entities

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Costa Rica (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER COSTA RICAN LAW - General - Real estate law in Costa Rica is governed by the principles established in the Costa Rican Civil Code for acquiring, selling, and disposing of …more

Buyers, Coastal Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Concession Agreements, Condominiums

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Establishing A Business Entity In Costa Rica (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities in Costa Rica - The most common types of business entities in Costa Rica are Corporations, known as Sociedades Anónimas (also referred to as “S.A.”), and Limited Liability Companies, known as…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Establishing a Business Entity in Italy (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Italian law provides multiple forms of organizational structures to do business in Italy. They differ from one another due to the extent of liability undertaken by its members. In particular,…more

Articles of Association, Board of Directors, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Capitalization

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Multi-State Companies Need To Know

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: WHAT US: MULTI-STATE COMPANIES NEED TO KNOW - We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. 2019 Update - In the wake the of the #MeToo…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Harassment Policies, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Confidentiality Agreements

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

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Apple Closed Two of Its Stores in Eastern Texas. The Reasoning May Surprise You - How patent laws can affect key business decisions

Apple, the technology giant which runs successful Apple Stores all over the world, announced that it will close its only two stores in eastern Texas by Friday, April 12. Apple, however, did not announce why it was closing…more

Apple, Business Closures, Business Strategies, Damages, Litigation Fees & Costs

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

See all updates »

COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Journalism and copyright: what is protected by copyright law?

In Greece the main legislative instruments regulating copyright and related rights are: - Law 2121/1993 on Copyright, Related Rights and Cultural Matters (the Copyright Law); and - Law 4481/2017 on the Collective…more

Copyright, Greece, Intellectual Property Protection, Journalism

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Establishing a Business Entity in India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Establishing a Business Entity in Belgium

I. INTRODUCTION - (i) Our law firm - & DE BANDT is a law firm with a multidisciplinary approach and a focus on complex litigation. It addresses legal issues within the European economy that are driven by digital…more

Audits, Belgium, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Establishing a Business Entity in France (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a foreign…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Establishing a Business Entity in the Netherlands (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - In the Netherlands, there is a distinction between entities which qualify as legal entities (‘rechtspersonen’) and partnerships (‘personenvennootschappen’) which do not. Legal entities are…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Change of Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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What To Consider When Launching a Cause Marketing Campaign

The war in Ukraine has led to Europe’s worst refugee crisis since World War II; more than 3 1/2 million civilians have already been displaced, and some observers expect the number to reach five million as the war continues to…more

Brand, Cause Marketing, Charitable Donations, Charitable Organizations, Charitable Sales Promotion

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Data Privacy Guide - Brazil

Introduction - The Brazilian General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”), enacted in 2018 and enforced since 2020, serves as the cornerstone of the country's data protection framework. Its primary objective is to ensure the…more

Brazil, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Cross-Border

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Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Czech Republic (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CZECH REPUBLIC LAW - I. Types of Real Property Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land; b) Purchase of a developed plot of land; c) Purchase of a building…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Co-Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Romania (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER ROMANIAN LAW - 1. A brief presentation of the bankruptcy/insolvency/rehabilitation proceedings of the country and their main differences…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER DUTCH LAW - I. Insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands There are four law-regulated insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands: bankruptcy…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Supreme Court Settles Circuit Split on When a Plaintiff May Sue

The Supreme Court handed down a unanimous copyright decision in March 2019 with implications for anyone involved in a copyright dispute, as well as for marketers and brands that create and use copyrighted materials. In Fourth…more

Attorney's Fees, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Office, Copyright Registration

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Brazil (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW - 1. OVERVIEW OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY - Brazil is a federative republic and the largest country in both South and Latin America. It is also the world's fifth-largest…more

Brazil, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Construction Project, Property Ownership

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 4: Attilio Ferrari | FPB Legal, Milan, Italy

Attilio Ferrari is a partner with FPB Legal in Milan, Italy and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Attilio discuss emphasizing being a trusted partner over business development, the…more

Client Communication, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Remote Working

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 11: Bruce Feuchter | Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth | California, US

Bruce Feuchter is a partner with Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Southern California law firm and member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Bruce chat about the challenges of business…more

Business Development, Client Communication, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates

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Supreme Court Finds Google’s Copying of Oracle’s APIs a Fair Use

A recent Supreme Court decision has finally put an end to the longstanding fight between Oracle and Google concerning Google’s use of Oracle’s copyrighted Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The Supreme Court’s…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Fair Use, Google

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SEC Penalizes Kim Kardashian Over $1 Million for Paid Crypto Post

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) settled with Kim Kardashian over allegations she violated Section 17(b) of the Securities Act (the “Act”) by publishing an Instagram post promoting the crypto-currency, EthereumMax…more

Celebrity Endorsements, Cryptocurrency, Failure To Disclose, Influencers, Kim Kardashian

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Canada (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER CANADIAN LAW - 1. Canada's Political and Legal System - Canada has a Federal constitution that was significantly overhauled in the early 1980's,…more

Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA), Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Court, Board of Directors, Canada

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Foreign Investment

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in Sweden (Updated)

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE VARIOUS AVAILABLE LEGAL ENTITY TYPES - The most common form of legal entity to start a newco in Sweden is through a Limited Liability Company (Sw. Aktiebolag). There are, however, other types of legal…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity, Corporate Governance

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Vaccine Requirements – UK

Since its widespread roll out over the past year, the UK Government’s COVID19 vaccination programme has been largely successful. To date, over 70% of the population are fully vaccinated and a vaccination booster programme has…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Massachusetts (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MASSACHUSETTS LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Offer to Purchase sets forth buyer’s offer of price, date for closing, contingencies for inspections, financing etc. and…more

Buyers, C-Corporation, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Establishing a Business Entity in Norway (Updated)

1. Different Business Entities - 1.1 Introduction and outline - Enterprises in Norway may be organized in several ways; the most common are limited liability companies, partnerships, and sole proprietorship. When…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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What’s Going On? Another Marvin Gaye Lawsuit Tests the Limits of Copyright Protection

Just when you thought it was over, another copyright infringement lawsuit involving a Marvin Gaye song is set for trial. The dust had barely settled on the infamous “Blurred Lines” case when a second suit, this time targeting…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Jury Trial

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Don’t Be Bamboozled by Environmental Benefit Claims

$5.5 Million FTC Settlements for Bamboo Textile and Environmental Benefit Claims Under Penalty Offense Authority - The FTC recently announced that it has reached a $2.5 million settlement with Kohl’s and a $3 million…more

Civil Monetary Penalty, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), FTC Act

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Florida (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER FLORIDIAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Purchase and Sale Agreement sets forth the complete terms of the purchase and sale including, among other things, price,…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Commercial Real Estate Market

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Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, Capital Requirements, Colombia

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Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, Capital Requirements, Colombia

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 26: Jim Giszczak, McDonald Hopkins | United States

Jim Giszczak is the Chair of the Litigation Department, Co-Chair of the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group, and he serves on the Board of Directors and Executive Committee at McDonald Hopkins, a member of the…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Data Security

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Don’t Smile at the Camera – New Biometric Data Laws

Biometric data is seen as a preferred means of identification by many businesses. Unlocking a smartphone using facial recognition and other biometric identifiers, for example, gives users the feeling as if they are more…more

Biometric Information, Biometric Information Privacy Act, Consent, Data Collection, Data Privacy

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 72: David Gitlin, Royer Cooper Cohen Braunfeld

David Gitlin is a partner with Royer Cooper Cohen Braunfeld, a business law firm with an entrepreneurial spirit in Pennsylvania, and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and David discuss the…more

Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurs, Legal Technology, Marketing

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Trademark License Rights Survive Rejection in Bankruptcy

Settling a circuit split, the U.S. Supreme Court, in an 8-1 decision, has concluded that a trademark licensee’s rights are not automatically terminated when a debtor in bankruptcy rejects the license agreement. The…more

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP), Bankruptcy Code, Breach of Contract, Commercial Bankruptcy, Debtors

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Vaccine Requirements – Canada: Montréal

Canada’s Constitution makes it such that the presumptive and preeminent jurisdiction in matters of employment, labour relations writ large, privacy and health and safety at work is provincial, not federal. This is in marked…more

Arbitration, Arbitration Awards, Canada, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Hungarian Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? In the Hungarian law, sexual harassment is covered by the general definitions of harassment stipulated by the Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal treatment (“Equal Treatment Act”) and by the Act C of…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Co-Workers, Criminal Code, Employer Liability Issues

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Costa Rica (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER COSTA RICAN LAW - General - Real estate law in Costa Rica is governed by the principles established in the Costa Rican Civil Code for acquiring, selling, and disposing of …more

Buyers, Coastal Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Concession Agreements, Condominiums

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Parties to exploratory agreements beware: Contractual restrictions on IPR patent challenges are enforceable!

On February 8, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit determined that certain restrictions on the ability to challenge the validity of patents are enforceable. Without such restrictions, companies that are being…more

Covenant Not to Sue, Declaratory Judgments, Forum Selection, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 21: Carl Grassi, McDonald Hopkins LLC | United States

Carl Grassi is a partner with and former chairman of McDonald Hopkins, a top-notch law firm with strategic offices throughout the US and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Carl dig into…more

Business Development, Client Communication, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Corporate Culture

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United States Licensed Attorney Required for Foreign-Domiciled U.S. Trademarks

Since August 3, 2019, all foreign-domiciled U.S. trademark applicants, registrants and parties to proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) Trademark Trial and Appeal Board must be represented by…more

Canada, Foreign Trademark, New Rules, Patent Agents, Principal Place of Business

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Generative AI: The Hot Topic on Every Lawyer's Mind

There’s only one answer that my lawyers give when I ask them what they’re curious about when it comes to the practice of law, and that’s generative AI. We’re not the only ones talking about it. Last year, the Thomson Reuters…more

Artificial Intelligence, Document Review, Electronically Stored Information, Firm Leadership, Law Practice Management

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Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

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Delhi High Court permits use of the mark ‘FLY HIGHER’ by VISTARA Airlines on the ground of the mark not being used as a trademark

The Delhi High Court (‘Court’) in its judgment (dated October 28, 2022) in the case of Frankfinn Aviation Service Private Limited v. Tata SIA Airlines Limited, [CS(COMM) 54/2022 & I.A. 1795/2022, 3651-52/2022] recently…more

Airlines, India, Intellectual Property Protection, Trademark Infringement, Trademark Litigation

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Establishing a Business Entity in Turkey (Updated)

A. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of The Types of Entities - Pursuant to Turkish Foreign Direct Investment Law, foreign investors are free to make foreign direct investments in Turkey and shall be subject…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capitalization, Coronavirus/COVID-19

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Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION OF INSOLVENCY OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article comes…more

Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Establishing a Business Entity in Hong Kong

ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS ENTITY IN HONG KONG - 1. Introduction - Hong Kong as an international centre for finance, commerce and trade is often considered as one of the most attractive places to do business owing to its…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity, Corporate Structures

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Establishing a Business Entity in Germany (Updated)

Anyone can establish a business in Germany - irrespective of citizenship, nationality, or place of residence. There is no specific investment legislation for foreign entrepreneurs. Any entrepreneur can make his choice from an…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity, Company Limited by Shares

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Us: Delaware Companies Need To Know

Delaware has responded to the #MeToo movement through legislation. Sexual harassment has long been a legally cognizable form of sex discrimination under the Delaware Discrimination in Employment Act. However, as of January 1,…more

#MeToo, Complaint Procedures, Employee Training, Employer Liability Issues, Harassment

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER DUTCH LAW - Introduction - The purchase of an immovable property is a mutual agreement. Neither the seller nor the buyer has the obligation to make use of the services of a…more

Apartments, Buyers, Capital Gains, Corporate Taxes, Income Taxes

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Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

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Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

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Establishing a Business Entity in Liechtenstein (Updated)

The Principality of Liechtenstein lies at the centre of Europe, nestled between Switzerland and Austria, next to the river Rhine. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy established on democratic parliamentary…more

Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Company Limited by Shares

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 62: Pierre Hurt, Lutgen & Associes | Luxembourg

Pierre Hurt is the managing partner of Lutgen & Associés, a firm focused on litigation support and legal counseling, and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, we welcome Pierre back to talk about the…more

Access to Legal Counsel, Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Litigation Strategies

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hungary (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HUNGARIAN LAW - 1. Types of real estate transactions - In the Hungarian market, the typical types of real estate transactions can be differentiated as follows. 1.1 Transfer…more

Agricultural Land, Change in Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Market, Condominiums, Foreign Acquisitions

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 53: Karel Janssens, & De Bandt | Belgium

Karel Janssens is a partner at & De Bandt in Brussels, Belgium, which is one of the ILN's newest member firms. In this episode, Lindsay and Karel discuss his passion for IP & IT law, its opportunities and challenges, and the…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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The Training Wheels are Off: The Copyright Implications of Training Generative AI

With the introduction of several readily available applications, artificial intelligence (AI) has leaped into the mainstream and brought with it a host of legal questions. Following the release in November of the now popular…more

Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Derivative Works

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California Clears the Way for College Athletes to Get Their “Fair” Share of Licensing Pie

Sending shockwaves across the collegiate landscape, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed SB 206, the Fair Pay to Play Act (the Act) on September 30, 2019…more

Colleges, Compensation, Fair Pay to Play Act, Governor Newsom, Licensing Rights

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Establishing a Business Entity in Portugal (Updated)

Portugal has circa 10,3 million resident inhabitants and most of its population lives in sunny coastal areas. Important cities include the capital Lisbon, Porto (in the north), Coimbra (in the center), Faro (in southern…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Branch Offices

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 20: Andreas Kaeser, wehinger kaelin ferrari ag | Switzerland

Andreas Kaeser is a partner with one of the International Lawyers Network's founding firms, wehinger kaelin ferrari ag, in Zurich, Switzerland. In this episode, Lindsay and Andreas talk about what it's like to be one of the only…more

Client Communication, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Australia (Updated)

Key Facts of Real Estate Acquisitions Under Australian Law - INTRODUCTION - The majority of land in Australia consists of freehold title. Registration of ownership of freehold title is recorded using the Torrens system…more

Auction, Australia, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Caveat Emptor

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Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 82: Tamsin Kaplan | Davis Malm, United States

Tamsin Kaplan is a shareholder, employment lawyer, and business litigator with Davis Malm, the ILN's member firm for Massachusetts. In this episode, Lindsay and Tamsin discuss the importance of corporate housekeeping for…more

Business Development, Compliance, Corporate Counsel, Employer Liability Issues, Law Practice Management

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Establishing a Business Entity in the Philippines (Updated)

I. Types of business entities - As a general rule, foreign equity is allowed to conduct and participate in business in the Philippines, through any of the following modes: 1. By investing in a domestic stock…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Domestic Corporations, Foreign Branch Offices

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 30: Mitch Karsch, Davis & Gilbert | United States

Mitch Karsch is a partner with International Lawyers Network member, Davis & Gilbert, and also an ILN board member. In this episode, Lindsay and Mitch talk about lessons learned during the pandemic, the long-term effects on…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Office Space

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Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 40: Mythily Katsaris, Fladgate LLP | England

Mythily Katsaris is a partner with Fladgate LLP, a firm focused on partnerships with its clients and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Mythily discuss the disproportionate effect of the…more

Business Development, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Trademark Applications and Registrations

On March 31, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a notice concerning the waiver of certain trademark-related timing deadlines pursuant to Section 12004 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Filing Deadlines, Relief Measures, Time Extensions, Trademark Application

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Establishing a Business Entity in England (Updated)

The attractiveness of the United Kingdom as a business location is unabated. There are many advantages to doing business in the UK. Investors can draw on a skilled workforce and access a large market; costs of labour and…more

Agents, Annual Reports, Articles of Association, Auditors, Board of Directors

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Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

Since 1990, the Hungarian economy is based on the principles of market economy and considers the freedom of economic competition as a priority. On such basis, the regulation of business associations went through significant…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Australia (Updated)

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency, and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these marketplaces and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Attorney-Client Privilege, Australia, Board of Directors, Confidential Information, Creditors

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Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

Since 1990, the Hungarian economy is based on the principles of market economy and considers the freedom of economic competition as a priority. On such basis, the regulation of business associations went through significant…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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FTC Staff Report Brings Dark Patterns to Light

Trick or treat? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) staff is focused on one “trick” this spooky season: Designing user interfaces to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise approve of, or putting…more

Advertising, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Marketing

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Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Michigan (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MICHIGAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Offers to Purchase that are accepted by sellers are the typical form of purchase contract for residential properties. The…more

Adverse Possession, As-Is Clauses, Building Permits, Buyers, C-Corporation

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Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

See all updates »

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER DUTCH LAW - I. Insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands There are four law-regulated insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands: bankruptcy…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Patent Troll Suits Down, Not Out in 2018

Over the past half-decade, Congress and the courts have made aggressive efforts to curb the worst abuses of the patent system. In 2013, Congress passed the America Invents Act (AIA), which established the Patent Trial and Appeal…more

Abstract Ideas, America Invents Act, CLS Bank v Alice Corp, Congressional Intent, Constitutional Challenges

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Establishing a Business Entity in Thailand (Updated)

Thailand has a civil or codified law system. The main legal codification governing commercial aspects in Thailand is prescribed under the Civil and Commercial Code (“CCC”) and other related Acts which are issued from time to…more

Annual Filings, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Capital Requirements, Corporate Taxes

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Establishing a Business Entity in Thailand (Updated)

Thailand has a civil or codified law system. The main legal codification governing commercial aspects in Thailand is prescribed under the Civil and Commercial Code (“CCC”) and other related Acts which are issued from time to…more

Annual Filings, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Capital Requirements, Corporate Taxes

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Establishing a Business Entity in the Czech Republic (Updated)

1. Types of business entities - Investors may choose from the following forms of corporate structure: - Limited liability company - Joint-stock company - Limited liability partnership - General partnership -…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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FTC Staff Report Brings Dark Patterns to Light

Trick or treat? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) staff is focused on one “trick” this spooky season: Designing user interfaces to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise approve of, or putting…more

Advertising, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Marketing

See all updates »

Data Privacy and E-Commerce: Considerations for the Food and Beverage Industry

The global food and beverage e-commerce market is expected to grow to $22.4 billion in 2020, possibly reaching $36.4 billion in 2023. That’s up from $14.9 billion in 2019.  Food and beverage e-commerce revenue in the United…more

Beverage Manufacturers, California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), Compliance, COPPA, Coronavirus/COVID-19

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Finland

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER FINNISH LAW - Corporate restructuring in Finland - Insolvency legislation in Finland providesfor two alternative statutory processes: bankruptcy and…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Financial Reporting, Finland

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Dutch Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? Sexual harassment occurs if someone shows verbal, non verbal or physical behavior with sexual connotation which aims at and results in the affection of the dignity of the other person. This…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers, Damages

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Norway (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER NORWEGIAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENT - A. Offer to Purchase sets forth Buyer’s offer of price and date for closing. Seller may accept or reject. B. The purchase…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds

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Establishing A Business Entity In New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) 2…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Change in Ownership, Co-Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Cyprus (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CYPRIOT LAW - A. General - 1. Introduction - Cyprus is a common law jurisdiction, and its legal system is based on the UK one. It is a clear and robust system which leaves no…more

Beneficial Owner, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Cyprus, Inheritance Tax

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Establishing a Business Entity in Slovakia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The currently available local corporate structures for conducting business are: - General partnership - Limited partnership - Limited liability company - Joint-stock company - Simple…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance, Corporate Structures

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - Preface - On 12 May 2000, the Commercial Insolvency Law (the “CIL”) was published in the Federal Official Gazette, and it entered into…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Cyprus (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CYPRIOT LAW - A. General - 1. Introduction - Cyprus is a common law jurisdiction, and its legal system is based on the UK one. It is a clear and robust system which leaves no…more

Beneficial Owner, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Cyprus, Inheritance Tax

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Austria (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER AUSTRIAN LAW - 1. Introductory Remarks on Austria’s Legal System - Austria has a civil law system, as opposed to the common law system of e.g., the…more

Austria, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Cross-Border

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION OF INSOLVENCY OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article comes…more

Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 14: Sebastian Lopez-Sanson, SyLS| Buenos Aires, Argentina

Sebastian López-Sansón is the founding partner of Salaberren & López-Sansón Abogados (SyLS) in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Sebastian discuss the…more

Business Development, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus (Updated)

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) …more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Update)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Commonhold

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Québec (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (QUÉBEC) LAW - Unlike the other Canadian provinces and territories, which are all common law jurisdictions, Québec is a civil law jurisdiction. It is governed by the Civil…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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New Guidance on the Subject of Comparative Advertising and Dilution of Goodwill

In 2023, the Federal Court of Canada released its decision in Energizer Brands, LLC and Energizer Canada Inc. v. Gillette Company (2023 FC 804). The decision clarifies some of the laws applicable to comparative advertising in…more

Advertising, Canada, Comparative Advertising, Dilution, Intellectual Property Protection

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Vaccine Requirements – UK

Since its widespread roll out over the past year, the UK Government’s COVID19 vaccination programme has been largely successful. To date, over 70% of the population are fully vaccinated and a vaccination booster programme has…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Scottish Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. Background - As part of last year’s Labour & Employment group paper, "Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: What Your Company Needs to…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof, Co-Workers

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Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

See all updates »

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Slovakian Companies Need To Know

2019 Update: In 2018, PETERKA & PARTNERS drafted the following chapter on what Slovakian companies need to know about sexual harassment in the workplace. In 2019, the ILN asked firms to consider the response following #MeToo in…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Discrimination Policies, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof

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Establishing A Business Entity In India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison office,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Vaccine Requirements – Canada: Montréal

Canada’s Constitution makes it such that the presumptive and preeminent jurisdiction in matters of employment, labour relations writ large, privacy and health and safety at work is provincial, not federal. This is in marked…more

Arbitration, Arbitration Awards, Canada, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues

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Establishing a Business Entity in Mexico (Updated)

I. General Overview - As of 2020, Mexico has a population of 126,014,024 according to the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). Covers a land area of…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Partners, Foreign Corporations, Foreign Investment

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Portugal (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER PORTUGUESE LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - Portugal is an Iberian Peninsula country, bordered by the Atlantic to the west and south and Spain to the north and east. In addition to its…more

Buyers, Company Limited by Shares, Due Diligence, Eviction, Foreign Investment

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 28: Laurent Marville, Reinhart Marville Torre | France

Laurent Marville is one of the founding partners of Reinhart Marville Torre in Paris, France, a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Laurent discuss the importance of technology as law firms…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Brazil (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW - 1. OVERVIEW OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY - Brazil is a federative republic and the largest country in both South and Latin America. It is also the world's fifth-largest…more

Brazil, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Construction Project, Property Ownership

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Establishing a Business Entity in the United States (Updated)

1. Choosing the Right Legal Structure - 1.1 Introduction - Establishing a business entity in the United States can be an important strategic step for any international company that wants to avail itself of the world’s…more

Annual Filings, Annual Reports, B-1, Banks, Business Entities

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Establishing a Business Entity in England (Updated)

The attractiveness of the United Kingdom as a business location is unabated. There are many advantages to doing business in the UK. Investors can draw on a skilled workforce and access a large market; costs of labour and…more

Agents, Annual Reports, Articles of Association, Auditors, Board of Directors

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Establishing a Business Entity in Ukraine

1. Types of business entities - In order to start business activities involving Ukraine, foreign investors have to choose one of the business forms proposed by Ukrainian legislation. The most popular form of legal presence in…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Investment

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Establishing a Business Entity in Greece (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The main business entities in Greece are the following: i) the Société Anonyme (S.A.); ii) the Private Company (P.C.); iii) the Limited Liability Company (Ltd); iv) the General Partnership and…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Formation

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UK Appeal Court: Beware of the “Side-By-Side” Trade Mark Comparison

Iconix Luxembourg Holdings SARL v Dream Pairs Europe Inc & Anor [2024] EWCA Civ 29 (26 January 2024) - When assessing the likelihood of confusion between two marks in a trade mark clearance or infringement context, the orthodox…more

Intellectual Property Protection, Likelihood of Confusion, Trademark Infringement, Trademark Litigation, Trademarks

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Establishing a Business Entity in Germany (Updated)

Anyone can establish a business in Germany - irrespective of citizenship, nationality, or place of residence. There is no specific investment legislation for foreign entrepreneurs. Any entrepreneur can make his choice from an…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity, Company Limited by Shares

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Indian Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. IMPACT OF #METOO IN INDIA – WHAT HAS CHANGED In July of last year, we covered critical aspects of sexual harassment laws in India under a…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers, Damages

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Establishing a Business Entity in Uganda

1. INTRODUCTION - Given that Uganda was a British colony, the English legal system and law are predominant in Uganda. Uganda's legal system is based on English Common Law and African customary law. However, customary law is…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Establishing a Business Entity in Kenya

[co-author: Mourice Okon] a) Types of business entities in Kenya - Kenya has 5 main types of business entities that is, sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability partnerships, companies, non-governmental…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Gains, Corporate Governance

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QR codes with company logos can be a recipe for disaster – or a patent lawsuit

Say your company wants to run a new advertising campaign that includes a QR code for people to scan for additional information about your products or services. Not only that, but your creative team decides to go a step further…more

Advertising, Jimmy John's, Logos, Patent Infringement, Patent Litigation

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Vaccine Requirements – Hungary

[co-author: Aron Mikos] Vaccine Requirements in Hungary - As from 7 March 2022, the Hungarian government has repealed most of the requirements, obligations and benefits relating to COVID-19 vaccination. Immunity…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety, Hungary

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - We present here the following answers to the questions mentioned in the ILN Restructuring & Insolvency Collaborative Paper which reflect the…more

Bankruptcy Plans, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Establishing a Business Entity in India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Establishing a Business Entity in Turkey (Updated)

A. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of The Types of Entities - Pursuant to Turkish Foreign Direct Investment Law, foreign investors are free to make foreign direct investments in Turkey and shall be subject…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capitalization, Coronavirus/COVID-19

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Establishing a Business Entity in Malta (Updated)

Introduction - With its corporate laws based upon those of the UK, Malta has incorporated laws and principles into its own legislation, providing comfort and security to the commercial and business community. The most common…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, EU

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Establishing A Business Entity In Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Greece (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER GREEK LAW - 1. PROCEDURE – MAIN STEPS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION UNDER GREEK LAW. Acquisition of a real estate property in Greece includes mainly the following steps: -…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Fees, Foreign Acquisitions

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Greece (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER GREEK LAW - 1. PROCEDURE – MAIN STEPS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION UNDER GREEK LAW. Acquisition of a real estate property in Greece includes mainly the following steps: -…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Fees, Foreign Acquisitions

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Establishing a Business Entity in Malta (Updated)

Introduction - With its corporate laws based upon those of the UK, Malta has incorporated laws and principles into its own legislation, providing comfort and security to the commercial and business community. The most common…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, EU

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 31: Ron Norwood, Lewis Rice | United States

Ron Norwood is a partner with Lewis Rice in St. Louis, Missouri, a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Ron talk extensively about his work as a mentor, including how and why he gives back,…more

Diversity and Inclusion Standards (D&I), Firm Leadership, Law Firm Partners, Mentors, Race Relations

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate sector…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Turkey (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW - 1. Agreement Types - Pursuant to Turkish laws, a real estate sale and purchase agreement shall be in an official form and the transfer of ownership of real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

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Establishing a Business Entity in Thailand (Updated)

Thailand has a civil or codified law system. The main legal codification governing commercial aspects in Thailand is prescribed under the Civil and Commercial Code (“CCC”) and other related Acts which are issued from time to…more

Annual Filings, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Capital Requirements, Corporate Taxes

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 57: Vanessa Pantelakis, WOLPERT RECHTSANWÄLTE PartG mbB | Germany

Vanessa Pantelakis is a partner at WOLPERT RECHTSANWÄLTE PartG mbB a part of the ILN's German Group. In this episode, Lindsay and Vanessa chat about the mental health crisis that the pandemic has created for women and young…more

Business Development, Client Services, Firm Leadership, Professional Development

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Establishing a Business Entity in France (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a foreign…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, Capital Requirements, Colombia

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 23: Lorna Patajo-Kapunan, Kapunan & Castillo | Philippines

Lorna Patajo-Kapunan is the founder of Kapunan & Castillo, a full-service law firm with extensive experience in varied areas of law and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Lorna cover…more

Client Services, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Establishing A Business Entity In Italy (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Premises - The Italian law provides multiple forms of organizational structures in order to do business in Italy, which differ from one another due to the extent of the liability…more

Articles of Association, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capitalization

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Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

Since 1990, the Hungarian economy is based on the principles of market economy and considers the freedom of economic competition as a priority. On such basis, the regulation of business associations went through significant…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Update)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Commonhold

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What English Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. UK update 2019 - The #MeToo movement continues to encourage women to speak out about unacceptable behaviours that they encounter at work…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Harassment Policies, Burden of Proof, Co-Workers

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Establishing a Business Entity in Lithuania (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Investors may choose from the following types of business entities: • Private limited liability company • Public limited liability company • Individual enterprise • Limited…more

Audits, Board of Directors, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus (Updated)

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 39: Eddie Powell, Fladgate LLP | England

Eddie Powell is a partner with Fladgate LLP, a firm focused on partnerships with its clients and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Eddie focus on the firm's accelerated agility, the…more

Business Development, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Czech Republic (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CZECH REPUBLIC LAW - I. Types of Real Property Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land; b) Purchase of a developed plot of land; c) Purchase of a building…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Co-Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

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Establishing a Business Entity in Denmark (Updated)

1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are several forms of business entities in Denmark and there are a wide range of possibilities for establishing a business entity in Denmark. The most suitable entity depends on a variety…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, City Planning Departments, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Establishing a Business Entity in Portugal (Updated)

Portugal has circa 10,3 million resident inhabitants and most of its population lives in sunny coastal areas. Important cities include the capital Lisbon, Porto (in the north), Coimbra (in the center), Faro (in southern…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Branch Offices

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Vaccine Requirements – Australia

Australia has a high uptake of vaccination to COVID-19, partly due to enforceable public health orders at State level which require classes of workers to be vaccinated if they are to work outside of their home. As at the…more

Australia, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Australia (Updated)

Key Facts of Real Estate Acquisitions Under Australian Law - INTRODUCTION - The majority of land in Australia consists of freehold title. Registration of ownership of freehold title is recorded using the Torrens system…more

Auction, Australia, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Caveat Emptor

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Establishing A Business Entity In Israel (Updated)

While there are a few different forms of “corporate” entities in Israel, this guide will focus on companies and partnerships as these are the entities that the non-Israeli businessman is most likely to set up or invest in if…more

Articles of Association, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes

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How the New 2022 SAG-AFTRA Commercials Contract Affects Performers and Advertisers

A new collective bargaining agreement governing the use of SAG-AFTRA (the Union) performers in commercials has been reached between the Union and the Joint Policy Committee (JPC). The new 2022 SAG-AFTRA Commercials Contract…more

Advertising, AFTRA, Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA), Digital Media, Internet Streaming

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Establishing A Business Entity In Latvia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Foreign investors may choose from the types of business entities: • Limited liability company • Joint stock company • Individual merchant • General partnership • Limited liability…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION OF INSOLVENCY OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article comes…more

Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Establishing a Business Entity in Denmark (Updated)

1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are several forms of business entities in Denmark and there are a wide range of possibilities for establishing a business entity in Denmark. The most suitable entity depends on a variety…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Establishing a Business Entity in Argentina (Updated)

Types of business entities - The two most common types of legal entities adopted in Argentina are the limited liability company (“Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada” or “SRL”) and the corporation (“Sociedad Anónima” or…more

Argentina, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 74: Ziad Salloum, Salloum & Partners, United Arab Emirates

Ziad Salloum is a partner with Salloum & Partners, an Emirati law firm and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Ziad chat about the current and very diverse state of the market in the…more

Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Financial Reporting, Finland

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Scotland (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SCOTTISH LAW - 1. Introduction - This guide applies to real estate in Scotland only. 2. Tenure - Real estate, both commercial and residential in Scotland may be…more

Acceptance, Anti-Money Laundering, Buyers, Deeds, Freehold Estates

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Portuguese Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? Portuguese law foresees two types of harassment: 1. Sexual harassment which is a set of unwanted behaviors perceived as abusive of a physical nature, verbal or non-verbal, with the…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof, Claim Procedures

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Banksy’s “Flower Thrower” Trademark: A Critical Appraisal of the Recent Decision of EUIPO Cancellation Division

The Cancellation Division of EUIPO has recently issued a resounding decision declaring the invalidity of the figurative trademark representing the “Flower thrower”, one of the most iconic Banksy’s mural paintings. The…more

Copyright, EU, European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), Graffiti, Intellectual Property Protection

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Establishing A Business Entity In Canada (Updated)

Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multicultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages pursuant to the Official…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Canada, Canadian Competition Act, CASL

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Establishing A Business Entity In Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability companies…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Establishing a Business Entity in Romania (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - When entering the Romanian market, foreign investors have the option of incorporating a new legal entity with a Romanian legal personality, or setting up a unit of a foreign mother company,…more

Anti-Avoidance, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 56: Anthony Shatz, Fladgate LLP | England

Anthony Shatz is a corporate partner at Fladgate LLP, the ILN's member firm for England. In this episode, Lindsay and Anthony discuss the energy crisis and war in Ukraine and its impact on businesses and the legal industry in…more

Crisis Management, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners

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Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings In Israel

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER ISRAELI LAW - The Israeli parliament (Knesset) passed a new statute regarding insolvency law, which is named: The Insolvency and Rehabilitation Law-2018,…more

Board of Directors, CEOs, Commercial Bankruptcy, Consumer Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

See all updates »

Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

See all updates »

FTC Staff Report Brings Dark Patterns to Light

Trick or treat? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) staff is focused on one “trick” this spooky season: Designing user interfaces to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise approve of, or putting…more

Advertising, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Marketing

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Foreign Investment

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Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate sector…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

See all updates »

Understanding Privilege: Is Your Canadian Patent Agent Also A Lawyer?

In Canada, there are practising patent agents and trademarks agents who are not lawyers. They are not admitted to any bar of any province or territory in Canada and are not members of any law society. The College of Patent…more

Canada, Client Communication, Intellectual Property Litigation, Patent Act, Patent Agent Privilege

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Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Washington State Companies Need To Know

Below are summaries of recent laws adopted in Washington State that could be interpreted as relating to the #MeToo movement. Some of them directly address sexual harassment and sexual assault; others are directed at providing a…more

#MeToo, Anti-Discrimination Policies, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Confidentiality Agreements, Disclosure

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Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 44: Scott Swenson, Connolly Gallagher LLP | United States

Scott Swenson is a trusts & estates partner with Connolly Gallagher, LLP in Delaware, which is also an ILN member firm. In this episode, Lindsay and Scott discuss the transition between practicing law and managing your practice,…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Israel (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER ISRAELI LAW - The Israeli Parliament (Knesset) passed a new statute regarding insolvency law, which is named the Insolvency and Rehabilitation Law- 2018…more

Board of Directors, CEOs, Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Debtors

See all updates »

How the New 2022 SAG-AFTRA Commercials Contract Affects Performers and Advertisers

A new collective bargaining agreement governing the use of SAG-AFTRA (the Union) performers in commercials has been reached between the Union and the Joint Policy Committee (JPC). The new 2022 SAG-AFTRA Commercials Contract…more

Advertising, AFTRA, Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA), Digital Media, Internet Streaming

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) …more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

See all updates »

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Singapore (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SINGAPOREAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - There are two systems of land registration in Singapore: registration under the Registration of Deeds Act, known as “unregistered land”, and…more

Acquisitions, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Ownership, Joint Ownership

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Financial Reporting, Finland

See all updates »

Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability companies…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

See all updates »

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Spain

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. Procedure of a real estate transaction - 1. Formal procedure of a real estate transaction in Spain starting from the signing of the purchase agreement…more

Acquisitions, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

See all updates »

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What English Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. UK update 2019 - The #MeToo movement continues to encourage women to speak out about unacceptable behaviours that they encounter at work…more

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JD Supra Privacy Policy

Updated: Dec 28, 2021:

JD Supra is a legal publishing service that connects experts and their content with broader audiences of professionals, journalists and associations.

This Privacy Policy describes how JD Supra, LLC ("JD Supra" or "we," "us," or "our") collects, uses and shares personal data collected from visitors to our website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") who view only publicly-available content as well as subscribers to our services (such as our email digests or author tools)(our "Services"). By using our Website and registering for one of our Services, you are agreeing to the terms of this Privacy Policy.

Please note that if you subscribe to one of our Services, you can make choices about how we collect, use and share your information through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard (available if you are logged into your JD Supra account).

Collection of Information

Registration Information. When you register with JD Supra for our Website and Services, either as an author or as a subscriber, you will be asked to provide identifying information to create your JD Supra account ("Registration Data"), such as your:

  • Email
  • First Name
  • Last Name
  • Company Name
  • Company Industry
  • Title
  • Country

Other Information: We also collect other information you may voluntarily provide. This may include content you provide for publication. We may also receive your communications with others through our Website and Services (such as contacting an author through our Website) or communications directly with us (such as through email, feedback or other forms or social media). If you are a subscribed user, we will also collect your user preferences, such as the types of articles you would like to read.

Information from third parties (such as, from your employer or LinkedIn): We may also receive information about you from third party sources. For example, your employer may provide your information to us, such as in connection with an article submitted by your employer for publication. If you choose to use LinkedIn to subscribe to our Website and Services, we also collect information related to your LinkedIn account and profile.

Your interactions with our Website and Services: As is true of most websites, we gather certain information automatically. This information includes IP addresses, browser type, Internet service provider (ISP), referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp and clickstream data. We use this information to analyze trends, to administer the Website and our Services, to improve the content and performance of our Website and Services, and to track users' movements around the site. We may also link this automatically-collected data to personal information, for example, to inform authors about who has read their articles. Some of this data is collected through information sent by your web browser. We also use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect this information. To learn more about cookies and other tracking technologies that JD Supra may use on our Website and Services please see our "Cookies Guide" page.

How do we use this information?

We use the information and data we collect principally in order to provide our Website and Services. More specifically, we may use your personal information to:

  • Operate our Website and Services and publish content;
  • Distribute content to you in accordance with your preferences as well as to provide other notifications to you (for example, updates about our policies and terms);
  • Measure readership and usage of the Website and Services;
  • Communicate with you regarding your questions and requests;
  • Authenticate users and to provide for the safety and security of our Website and Services;
  • Conduct research and similar activities to improve our Website and Services; and
  • Comply with our legal and regulatory responsibilities and to enforce our rights.

How is your information shared?

  • Content and other public information (such as an author profile) is shared on our Website and Services, including via email digests and social media feeds, and is accessible to the general public.
  • If you choose to use our Website and Services to communicate directly with a company or individual, such communication may be shared accordingly.
  • Readership information is provided to publishing law firms and companies and authors of content to give them insight into their readership and to help them to improve their content.
  • Our Website may offer you the opportunity to share information through our Website, such as through Facebook's "Like" or Twitter's "Tweet" button. We offer this functionality to help generate interest in our Website and content and to permit you to recommend content to your contacts. You should be aware that sharing through such functionality may result in information being collected by the applicable social media network and possibly being made publicly available (for example, through a search engine). Any such information collection would be subject to such third party social media network's privacy policy.
  • Your information may also be shared to parties who support our business, such as professional advisors as well as web-hosting providers, analytics providers and other information technology providers.
  • Any court, governmental authority, law enforcement agency or other third party where we believe disclosure is necessary to comply with a legal or regulatory obligation, or otherwise to protect our rights, the rights of any third party or individuals' personal safety, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or safety issues.
  • To our affiliated entities and in connection with the sale, assignment or other transfer of our company or our business.

How We Protect Your Information

JD Supra takes reasonable and appropriate precautions to insure that user information is protected from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction. We restrict access to user information to those individuals who reasonably need access to perform their job functions, such as our third party email service, customer service personnel and technical staff. You should keep in mind that no Internet transmission is ever 100% secure or error-free. Where you use log-in credentials (usernames, passwords) on our Website, please remember that it is your responsibility to safeguard them. If you believe that your log-in credentials have been compromised, please contact us at privacy@jdsupra.com.

Children's Information

Our Website and Services are not directed at children under the age of 16 and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children under the age of 16 through our Website and/or Services. If you have reason to believe that a child under the age of 16 has provided personal information to us, please contact us, and we will endeavor to delete that information from our databases.

Links to Other Websites

Our Website and Services may contain links to other websites. The operators of such other websites may collect information about you, including through cookies or other technologies. If you are using our Website or Services and click a link to another site, you will leave our Website and this Policy will not apply to your use of and activity on those other sites. We encourage you to read the legal notices posted on those sites, including their privacy policies. We are not responsible for the data collection and use practices of such other sites. This Policy applies solely to the information collected in connection with your use of our Website and Services and does not apply to any practices conducted offline or in connection with any other websites.

Information for EU and Swiss Residents

JD Supra's principal place of business is in the United States. By subscribing to our website, you expressly consent to your information being processed in the United States.

  • Our Legal Basis for Processing: Generally, we rely on our legitimate interests in order to process your personal information. For example, we rely on this legal ground if we use your personal information to manage your Registration Data and administer our relationship with you; to deliver our Website and Services; understand and improve our Website and Services; report reader analytics to our authors; to personalize your experience on our Website and Services; and where necessary to protect or defend our or another's rights or property, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security, safety or privacy issues. Please see Article 6(1)(f) of the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") In addition, there may be other situations where other grounds for processing may exist, such as where processing is a result of legal requirements (GDPR Article 6(1)(c)) or for reasons of public interest (GDPR Article 6(1)(e)). Please see the "Your Rights" section of this Privacy Policy immediately below for more information about how you may request that we limit or refrain from processing your personal information.
  • Your Rights
    • Right of Access/Portability: You can ask to review details about the information we hold about you and how that information has been used and disclosed. Note that we may request to verify your identification before fulfilling your request. You can also request that your personal information is provided to you in a commonly used electronic format so that you can share it with other organizations.
    • Right to Correct Information: You may ask that we make corrections to any information we hold, if you believe such correction to be necessary.
    • Right to Restrict Our Processing or Erasure of Information: You also have the right in certain circumstances to ask us to restrict processing of your personal information or to erase your personal information. Where you have consented to our use of your personal information, you can withdraw your consent at any time.

You can make a request to exercise any of these rights by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
150 Harbor Drive, #2760
Sausalito, CA 94965

You can also manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard.

We will make all practical efforts to respect your wishes. There may be times, however, where we are not able to fulfill your request, for example, if applicable law prohibits our compliance. Please note that JD Supra does not use "automatic decision making" or "profiling" as those terms are defined in the GDPR.

  • Timeframe for retaining your personal information: We will retain your personal information in a form that identifies you only for as long as it serves the purpose(s) for which it was initially collected as stated in this Privacy Policy, or subsequently authorized. We may continue processing your personal information for longer periods, but only for the time and to the extent such processing reasonably serves the purposes of archiving in the public interest, journalism, literature and art, scientific or historical research and statistical analysis, and subject to the protection of this Privacy Policy. For example, if you are an author, your personal information may continue to be published in connection with your article indefinitely. When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize it, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.
  • Onward Transfer to Third Parties: As noted in the "How We Share Your Data" Section above, JD Supra may share your information with third parties. When JD Supra discloses your personal information to third parties, we have ensured that such third parties have either certified under the EU-U.S. or Swiss Privacy Shield Framework and will process all personal data received from EU member states/Switzerland in reliance on the applicable Privacy Shield Framework or that they have been subjected to strict contractual provisions in their contract with us to guarantee an adequate level of data protection for your data.

California Privacy Rights

Pursuant to Section 1798.83 of the California Civil Code, our customers who are California residents have the right to request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes.

You can make a request for this information by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
150 Harbor Drive, #2760
Sausalito, CA 94965

Some browsers have incorporated a Do Not Track (DNT) feature. These features, when turned on, send a signal that you prefer that the website you are visiting not collect and use data regarding your online searching and browsing activities. As there is not yet a common understanding on how to interpret the DNT signal, we currently do not respond to DNT signals on our site.

Access/Correct/Update/Delete Personal Information

For non-EU/Swiss residents, if you would like to know what personal information we have about you, you can send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com. We will be in contact with you (by mail or otherwise) to verify your identity and provide you the information you request. We will respond within 30 days to your request for access to your personal information. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why. If you would like to correct or update your personal information, you can manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard. If you would like to delete your account or remove your information from our Website and Services, send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com.

Changes in Our Privacy Policy

We reserve the right to change this Privacy Policy at any time. Please refer to the date at the top of this page to determine when this Policy was last revised. Any changes to our Privacy Policy will become effective upon posting of the revised policy on the Website. By continuing to use our Website and Services following such changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, your dealings with our Website or Services, or if you would like to change any of the information you have provided to us, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

JD Supra Cookie Guide

As with many websites, JD Supra's website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") and our services (such as our email article digests)(our "Services") use a standard technology called a "cookie" and other similar technologies (such as, pixels and web beacons), which are small data files that are transferred to your computer when you use our Website and Services. These technologies automatically identify your browser whenever you interact with our Website and Services.

How We Use Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies

We use cookies and other tracking technologies to:

  1. Improve the user experience on our Website and Services;
  2. Store the authorization token that users receive when they login to the private areas of our Website. This token is specific to a user's login session and requires a valid username and password to obtain. It is required to access the user's profile information, subscriptions, and analytics;
  3. Track anonymous site usage; and
  4. Permit connectivity with social media networks to permit content sharing.

There are different types of cookies and other technologies used our Website, notably:

  • "Session cookies" - These cookies only last as long as your online session, and disappear from your computer or device when you close your browser (like Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Safari).
  • "Persistent cookies" - These cookies stay on your computer or device after your browser has been closed and last for a time specified in the cookie. We use persistent cookies when we need to know who you are for more than one browsing session. For example, we use them to remember your preferences for the next time you visit.
  • "Web Beacons/Pixels" - Some of our web pages and emails may also contain small electronic images known as web beacons, clear GIFs or single-pixel GIFs. These images are placed on a web page or email and typically work in conjunction with cookies to collect data. We use these images to identify our users and user behavior, such as counting the number of users who have visited a web page or acted upon one of our email digests.

JD Supra Cookies. We place our own cookies on your computer to track certain information about you while you are using our Website and Services. For example, we place a session cookie on your computer each time you visit our Website. We use these cookies to allow you to log-in to your subscriber account. In addition, through these cookies we are able to collect information about how you use the Website, including what browser you may be using, your IP address, and the URL address you came from upon visiting our Website and the URL you next visit (even if those URLs are not on our Website). We also utilize email web beacons to monitor whether our emails are being delivered and read. We also use these tools to help deliver reader analytics to our authors to give them insight into their readership and help them to improve their content, so that it is most useful for our users.

Analytics/Performance Cookies. JD Supra also uses the following analytic tools to help us analyze the performance of our Website and Services as well as how visitors use our Website and Services:

  • HubSpot - For more information about HubSpot cookies, please visit legal.hubspot.com/privacy-policy.
  • New Relic - For more information on New Relic cookies, please visit www.newrelic.com/privacy.
  • Google Analytics - For more information on Google Analytics cookies, visit www.google.com/policies. To opt-out of being tracked by Google Analytics across all websites visit http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. This will allow you to download and install a Google Analytics cookie-free web browser.

Facebook, Twitter and other Social Network Cookies. Our content pages allow you to share content appearing on our Website and Services to your social media accounts through the "Like," "Tweet," or similar buttons displayed on such pages. To accomplish this Service, we embed code that such third party social networks provide and that we do not control. These buttons know that you are logged in to your social network account and therefore such social networks could also know that you are viewing the JD Supra Website.

Controlling and Deleting Cookies

If you would like to change how a browser uses cookies, including blocking or deleting cookies from the JD Supra Website and Services you can do so by changing the settings in your web browser. To control cookies, most browsers allow you to either accept or reject all cookies, only accept certain types of cookies, or prompt you every time a site wishes to save a cookie. It's also easy to delete cookies that are already saved on your device by a browser.

The processes for controlling and deleting cookies vary depending on which browser you use. To find out how to do so with a particular browser, you can use your browser's "Help" function or alternatively, you can visit http://www.aboutcookies.org which explains, step-by-step, how to control and delete cookies in most browsers.

Updates to This Policy

We may update this cookie policy and our Privacy Policy from time-to-time, particularly as technology changes. You can always check this page for the latest version. We may also notify you of changes to our privacy policy by email.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about how we use cookies and other tracking technologies, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

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