The UK saw its first use of an Unexplained Wealth Order (UWO) in February 2018 when the NCA successfully imposed orders on two UK properties, one in the exclusive Knightsbridge area of London and the second, a golf course in...more
Commercial parties often use the word “shall” to impose a contractual obligation. This Court of Appeal decision is an illustration of how the surrounding circumstances, including prior dealings, can mean that “shall” is...more
No vicarious liability arises for a company where one of its agents perpetrates a fraud in the course of a recognisably independent business. This applies even where, to facilitate the fraud, the agent uses an online portal...more
Early repayment fees, extension fees and double interest provisions in agreements relating to a loan did not fall foul of the English law rule against penalties. The case shows how the principles set out by the Supreme...more