In December 2020, the EU and UK announced the conclusion of a free trade agreement or ‘Association Agreement’, termed the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”). The TCA has two core features. First, the TCA is a free trade...more
On May 15, 2017, the European Commission (“Commission”) announced it had opened a formal investigation into a global pharmaceutical company for possible abuse of dominant position. The alleged conduct of the company,...more
The Court of Justice of the European Union decided last week that free trade agreements concluded with the EU must receive prior approval by each Member State if they provide for investor-State arbitration. The ruling, given...more
Does CETA provide a workable model for market access in the financial services industry? At the risk of spoiling the plot: no, not really. What does the industry mean when it says it wants market access?...more
Against the background of UK policy moving towards a more nationally-led trade and investment policy following this summer’s referendum, the new UK government is still in the process of establishing its policies regarding...more
In this article, we consider the current and potential effects of Brexit on investment treaty arbitration. Likely implications concern: the negotiations of the trade and investment agreements between the European Union and...more
While the overwhelming majority of the UK’s environmental legislation is derived from EU legislation and UK climate change and energy policy is largely influenced by the EU, surprisingly, environment and energy has been the...more