For many causes of action, a plaintiff is required to establish an actual “injury” caused by the alleged violation of law. That requirement can be a powerful barrier to class certification if individualized factual inquiries...more
Some forty years ago this author litigated a precedent setting case in the United States District Court in Newark, New Jersey and in the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia. Among numerous reported decisions in...more
Class action defendants who have a strong basis for defeating class certification need not wait around until the plaintiffs move to certify a class before putting the issue to the test. In some instances, a more strategic and...more