Defendants BMW and Creditsmarts were parties to a marketing agreement through which BMW offered its direct automotive “up2drive” loans to borrowers at participating independent car dealers through Creditsmarts’ internet-based...more
A panel from the Seventh Circuit split from the Third and Eleventh Circuits and rejected what it described to be a “heightened” ascertainability requirement under Rule 23(b)(3). In Mullins v. Direct Digital, LLC, plaintiff...more
The 7th Circuit's July 28th decision in Mullins v. Direct Digital, LLC has already created quite a stir. Plaintiffs' lawyers are citing it as the antidote to the 3rd Circuit's recent line of cases on the implied requirement...more
It’s a pattern repeated in millions of households every day: you go to the grocery or the drug store, buy the items you need, and don’t bother to keep the receipt. You may throw the receipt away immediately, you may throw...more