Michael Borella

Michael Borella

McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP

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The Federal Circuit Addresses Commercial Success

In academic settings, objective indicia of non-obviousness are sometimes presented as a common way of rebutting contentions that a claimed invention is obvious.  These indicia, set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co. and...more

8/30/2021  /  Claim Limitations , Commercial Success , Inter Partes Review (IPR) Proceeding , Nonobvious , Obviousness , Patent Litigation , Patent Trial and Appeal Board , Patents , Prior Art

MyMail, Ltd. v. ooVoo, LLC (Fed. Cir. 2021)

Two years ago, MyMail and ooVoo went to the mat in the Federal Circuit over claims that the District Court for the Northern District of California found ineligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101.  Patent holder MyMail was able to...more

8/23/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , Claim Construction , Patent Litigation , Patent Trial and Appeal Board , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101

On the Nature of Prior Art in the 35 U.S.C. § 101 Inquiry

Diamond v. Diehr, decided by the Supreme Court in 1981, seemed to establish a bedrock principle of statutory construction for patent law.  The Court stated that "[t]he 'novelty' of any element or steps in a process, or even...more

8/11/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , Claim Construction , Inventive Concept Test , Obviousness , Patent Applications , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101

Sensormatic Electronics, LLC v. Wyze Labs, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2021)

Sensormatic asserted U.S. Patents 7,730,534, 7,936,370, 7,954,129, 8,208,019, and 8,610,772 against Wyze in the District of Delaware, alleging infringement.  Wyze moved the District Court to dismiss under Rule 12(c), on the...more

7/27/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Inventive Concept Test , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101

Senate Passes the Endless Frontier Act

In a rare showing of bipartisanship, the U.S. Senate has passed Senate Bill S.1260, the "Endless Frontier Act."  Co-sponsored by senators Schumer, Young, Hassan, Collins, Coons, Portman, Baldwin, Graham, Peters, Blunt,...more

6/22/2021  /  Artificial Intelligence , Biotechnology , Cybersecurity , Intellectual Property Protection , Patents , Popular , Research and Development , Semiconductors , Technology Sector

Yu v. Apple (Fed. Cir. 2021)

When the Supreme Court began poking around into the law of patent eligibility just over a decade ago, the invention topics that it considered under the abstract idea exception were limited to types of financial transactions. ...more

6/14/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , Apple , Bilski , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Patent Infringement , Patent Invalidity , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Section 101

Supreme Court Requests View of Solicitor General in American Axle v. Neapco

Today, the Supreme Court requested the views of the Solicitor General in its consideration of American Axle's certiorari petition, which asks the Court to reverse the Federal Circuit's decision in American Axle & Mfg. v....more

5/4/2021  /  Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Petition for Writ of Certiorari , SCOTUS , Section 101 , Solicitor General , USPTO

Could Alice Be Used to Invalidate Diehr? Of Course It Could

The Supreme Court's Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int'l case has been criticized for setting forth a patent eligibility analysis that is unworkably subjective. As a consequence, the validity of particular types of inventions,...more

4/21/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Intellectual Property Protection , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101 , Software Patents , USPTO

Raytheon Technologies Corp. v. General Electric Co. (Fed. Cir. 2021)

The legal concept of obviousness is tricky.  A claimed invention is found obvious if the prior art teaches or suggests all claim limitations and one of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to combine the...more

4/19/2021  /  Claim Limitations , Evidence , Inter Partes Review (IPR) Proceeding , Obviousness , Patent Litigation , Patent Trial and Appeal Board , Patents , Prior Art

VLSI Technology, LLC v. Intel Corp. (W.D. Texas 2021)

There is an undercurrent in patent law these days that litigation favors the defendant.  Rather than contending infringement of a few claims of one patent, plaintiffs are now advised to assert multiple claims across several...more

3/22/2021  /  Doctrine of Equivalents , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent Trolls , Patents , Pharmaceutical Industry , Pharmaceutical Patents

On the Patent Eligibility of Information Processing

A computer does just three things:  receives information in the form of bits, transforms this information, and provides output based on the information as transformed.  The receiving may take place by way of various types of...more

3/16/2021  /  Abstract Ideas , Patent Applications , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Printed Matter Doctrine , Prior Art , Section 101 , USPTO

Infinity Computer Products, Inc. v. Oki Data Americas, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2021)

Infinity Computer Products ("Infinity") sued Oki Data in the District of Delaware for infringement of four patents.  The District Court found the patents invalid due to indefiniteness and the Federal Circuit affirmed.  This...more

2/24/2021  /  Indefiniteness , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent Prosecution , Patents

Simio, LLC v. FlexSim Software Products, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2020)

This decision is bad.  Not an American Axle level of bad, but still quite far from good. Simio sued FlexSim in the District of Utah for alleged infringement of its U.S. Patent No. 8,156,468.  FlexSim moved for dismissal on...more

12/30/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Computer-Related Inventions , Functionality , Inventive Concept Test , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101 , Software Patents

Adaptive Streaming Inc. v. Netflix, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2020)

Adaptive Streaming, the owner of U.S. Patent No. 7,047,305, sued Netflix in the Central District of California for alleged infringement. Netflix moved to dismiss the case on the pleadings under Rule 12(b)(6), asserting that...more

12/23/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Appeals , Federal Rule 12(b)(6) , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101 , USPTO

Gree, Inc. v. Supercell Oy (Fed. Cir. 2020)

One would think that inventions relating to computer game software would easily meet the requirements for patent eligibility, as these inventions fundamentally involve technological processes and require computer...more

12/4/2020  /  CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Patent Examinations , Patent Litigation , Patent Trial and Appeal Board , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Post-Grant Review , Section 101 , USPTO

C R Bard Inc. v. AngioDynamics, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2020)

One of the more intellectually dishonest aspects of current patent eligibility law is that it allows one to ignore certain claim elements when evaluating claims under 35 U.S.C. § 101.  In Mayo v. Prometheus, it was stated...more

11/16/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Computer-Related Inventions , Functionality , Judgment As A Matter Of Law , Judicial Exception , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Printed Matter Doctrine , Section 101

On the Patent Eligibility of Graphical User Interfaces: Part II

This article is Part II of a study on the patent eligibility of graphical user interfaces.  Part I was published yesterday.  We continue from where we left off, with overviews of a handful of Federal Circuit § 101 decisions...more

11/10/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Computer-Related Inventions , Extrinsic Evidence , Functionality , Lack of Specificity , Patent Applications , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Prior Art , Section 101

On the Patent Eligibility of Graphical User Interfaces: Part I

The evolution of graphical user interfaces parallels the evolution of computing technology itself.  As computers grow more powerful and sophisticated, so does their ability to display cutting-edge representations of...more

11/9/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Computer-Related Inventions , Intellectual Property Protection , Inventive Concept Test , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Popular , Prior Art , Section 101 , Software Developers , Software Patents , USPTO

Stupid § 101 Tricks

If we have learned anything from the last six-and-a-half years of patent eligibility jurisprudence, it is that nobody knows what's going on. Subject matter eligibility is a fundamental requirement for an invention to be...more

11/2/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Examination Procedures , Intellectual Property Protection , Inventive Concept Test , Patent Examinations , Patent Litigation , Patent Trial and Appeal Board , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Section 101 , USPTO

Realtime Data LLC v. Reduxio Systems, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2020)

One of the more frustrating aspects of current patent-eligibility law is that it lends itself all too easily to mischief.  In particular, given that the eligibility test under 35 U.S.C. § 101 as interpreted by the courts is...more

10/27/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Appeals , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Patent Infringement , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Remand , Section 101 , Standard of Review

USPTO Publishes Report on AI-Related Policies

Last year, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a request for comments (RFC) on patenting artificial intelligence (AI) based inventions.  Topics of the RFC included AI's impact on inventorship and ownership,...more

10/12/2020  /  Artificial Intelligence , Computer-Related Inventions , Intellectual Property Protection , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , USPTO

The Three Properties of Patent-Eligibility: An Empirical Study

Patent eligibility is a bit of a mess these days.  Ever since the Supreme Court handed down the Alice v. CLS Bank decision six years ago, the distinction between what might be subject matter that can be patented and what is...more

8/1/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Appeals , Claim Construction , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , DDR Holdings v Hotels.com , Enfish v Microsoft , Informational Studies , Mayo v. Prometheus , McRo v Bandai Namco , Novelty , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Product of Nature Doctrine , SCOTUS , Section 101 , Section 102 , Section 103 , Section 112 , USPTO

Federal Circuit Rules Public Key Cryptography Algorithm Invalid Under 35 U.S.C. § 101

Note:  The below is a sarcastic parody, in the spirit of our earlier sarcastic parodies. WASHINGTON D.C., June 23, 1984.  In a unanimous decision, the Federal Circuit has ruled U.S. Patent No. 4,405,829 invalid under 35...more

7/24/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Algorithms , Appeals , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Computer-Related Inventions , Cryptography , Patent Invalidity , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Section 101

Packet Intelligence LLC v. NetScout Systems, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2020)

Introduction - Packet Intelligence sued NetScout in the Eastern District of Texas, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,665,725, 6,839,751, and 6,954,789.  The District Court ruled that all three patents were valid...more

7/21/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Appeals , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Computer-Related Inventions , Dissenting Opinions , Judicial Exception , Patent Infringement , Patent Invalidity , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Reversal , Section 101 , Section 102

Electronic Communication Technologies, LLC v. ShoppersChoice.com, LLC (Fed. Cir. 2020)

Electronic Communication Technologies (ECT) sued ShoppersChoice in the Southern District of Florida for allegedly infringing claim 11 of U.S. Patent No. 9,373,261.  The claim recites...more

7/20/2020  /  Abstract Ideas , Appeals , CLS Bank v Alice Corp , Judgment on the Pleadings , Patent Infringement , Patent Invalidity , Patent Litigation , Patent-Eligible Subject Matter , Patents , Section 101 , USPTO
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JD Supra Privacy Policy

Updated: Apr 27, 2021:

JD Supra is a legal publishing service that connects experts and their content with broader audiences of professionals, journalists and associations.

This Privacy Policy describes how JD Supra, LLC ("JD Supra" or "we," "us," or "our") collects, uses and shares personal data collected from visitors to our website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") who view only publicly-available content as well as subscribers to our services (such as our email digests or author tools)(our "Services"). By using our Website and registering for one of our Services, you are agreeing to the terms of this Privacy Policy.

Please note that if you subscribe to one of our Services, you can make choices about how we collect, use and share your information through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard (available if you are logged into your JD Supra account).

Collection of Information

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Your interactions with our Website and Services: As is true of most websites, we gather certain information automatically. This information includes IP addresses, browser type, Internet service provider (ISP), referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp and clickstream data. We use this information to analyze trends, to administer the Website and our Services, to improve the content and performance of our Website and Services, and to track users' movements around the site. We may also link this automatically-collected data to personal information, for example, to inform authors about who has read their articles. Some of this data is collected through information sent by your web browser. We also use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect this information. To learn more about cookies and other tracking technologies that JD Supra may use on our Website and Services please see our "Cookies Guide" page.

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We use the information and data we collect principally in order to provide our Website and Services. More specifically, we may use your personal information to:

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How We Protect Your Information

JD Supra takes reasonable and appropriate precautions to insure that user information is protected from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction. We restrict access to user information to those individuals who reasonably need access to perform their job functions, such as our third party email service, customer service personnel and technical staff. You should keep in mind that no Internet transmission is ever 100% secure or error-free. Where you use log-in credentials (usernames, passwords) on our Website, please remember that it is your responsibility to safeguard them. If you believe that your log-in credentials have been compromised, please contact us at privacy@jdsupra.com.

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Links to Other Websites

Our Website and Services may contain links to other websites. The operators of such other websites may collect information about you, including through cookies or other technologies. If you are using our Website or Services and click a link to another site, you will leave our Website and this Policy will not apply to your use of and activity on those other sites. We encourage you to read the legal notices posted on those sites, including their privacy policies. We are not responsible for the data collection and use practices of such other sites. This Policy applies solely to the information collected in connection with your use of our Website and Services and does not apply to any practices conducted offline or in connection with any other websites.

Information for EU and Swiss Residents

JD Supra's principal place of business is in the United States. By subscribing to our website, you expressly consent to your information being processed in the United States.

  • Our Legal Basis for Processing: Generally, we rely on our legitimate interests in order to process your personal information. For example, we rely on this legal ground if we use your personal information to manage your Registration Data and administer our relationship with you; to deliver our Website and Services; understand and improve our Website and Services; report reader analytics to our authors; to personalize your experience on our Website and Services; and where necessary to protect or defend our or another's rights or property, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security, safety or privacy issues. Please see Article 6(1)(f) of the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") In addition, there may be other situations where other grounds for processing may exist, such as where processing is a result of legal requirements (GDPR Article 6(1)(c)) or for reasons of public interest (GDPR Article 6(1)(e)). Please see the "Your Rights" section of this Privacy Policy immediately below for more information about how you may request that we limit or refrain from processing your personal information.
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You can make a request to exercise any of these rights by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
10 Liberty Ship Way, Suite 300
Sausalito, California 94965

You can also manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard.

We will make all practical efforts to respect your wishes. There may be times, however, where we are not able to fulfill your request, for example, if applicable law prohibits our compliance. Please note that JD Supra does not use "automatic decision making" or "profiling" as those terms are defined in the GDPR.

  • Timeframe for retaining your personal information: We will retain your personal information in a form that identifies you only for as long as it serves the purpose(s) for which it was initially collected as stated in this Privacy Policy, or subsequently authorized. We may continue processing your personal information for longer periods, but only for the time and to the extent such processing reasonably serves the purposes of archiving in the public interest, journalism, literature and art, scientific or historical research and statistical analysis, and subject to the protection of this Privacy Policy. For example, if you are an author, your personal information may continue to be published in connection with your article indefinitely. When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize it, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.
  • Onward Transfer to Third Parties: As noted in the "How We Share Your Data" Section above, JD Supra may share your information with third parties. When JD Supra discloses your personal information to third parties, we have ensured that such third parties have either certified under the EU-U.S. or Swiss Privacy Shield Framework and will process all personal data received from EU member states/Switzerland in reliance on the applicable Privacy Shield Framework or that they have been subjected to strict contractual provisions in their contract with us to guarantee an adequate level of data protection for your data.

California Privacy Rights

Pursuant to Section 1798.83 of the California Civil Code, our customers who are California residents have the right to request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes.

You can make a request for this information by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
10 Liberty Ship Way, Suite 300
Sausalito, California 94965

Some browsers have incorporated a Do Not Track (DNT) feature. These features, when turned on, send a signal that you prefer that the website you are visiting not collect and use data regarding your online searching and browsing activities. As there is not yet a common understanding on how to interpret the DNT signal, we currently do not respond to DNT signals on our site.

Access/Correct/Update/Delete Personal Information

For non-EU/Swiss residents, if you would like to know what personal information we have about you, you can send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com. We will be in contact with you (by mail or otherwise) to verify your identity and provide you the information you request. We will respond within 30 days to your request for access to your personal information. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why. If you would like to correct or update your personal information, you can manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard. If you would like to delete your account or remove your information from our Website and Services, send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com.

Changes in Our Privacy Policy

We reserve the right to change this Privacy Policy at any time. Please refer to the date at the top of this page to determine when this Policy was last revised. Any changes to our Privacy Policy will become effective upon posting of the revised policy on the Website. By continuing to use our Website and Services following such changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, your dealings with our Website or Services, or if you would like to change any of the information you have provided to us, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

JD Supra Cookie Guide

As with many websites, JD Supra's website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") and our services (such as our email article digests)(our "Services") use a standard technology called a "cookie" and other similar technologies (such as, pixels and web beacons), which are small data files that are transferred to your computer when you use our Website and Services. These technologies automatically identify your browser whenever you interact with our Website and Services.

How We Use Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies

We use cookies and other tracking technologies to:

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There are different types of cookies and other technologies used our Website, notably:

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JD Supra Cookies. We place our own cookies on your computer to track certain information about you while you are using our Website and Services. For example, we place a session cookie on your computer each time you visit our Website. We use these cookies to allow you to log-in to your subscriber account. In addition, through these cookies we are able to collect information about how you use the Website, including what browser you may be using, your IP address, and the URL address you came from upon visiting our Website and the URL you next visit (even if those URLs are not on our Website). We also utilize email web beacons to monitor whether our emails are being delivered and read. We also use these tools to help deliver reader analytics to our authors to give them insight into their readership and help them to improve their content, so that it is most useful for our users.

Analytics/Performance Cookies. JD Supra also uses the following analytic tools to help us analyze the performance of our Website and Services as well as how visitors use our Website and Services:

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Facebook, Twitter and other Social Network Cookies. Our content pages allow you to share content appearing on our Website and Services to your social media accounts through the "Like," "Tweet," or similar buttons displayed on such pages. To accomplish this Service, we embed code that such third party social networks provide and that we do not control. These buttons know that you are logged in to your social network account and therefore such social networks could also know that you are viewing the JD Supra Website.

Controlling and Deleting Cookies

If you would like to change how a browser uses cookies, including blocking or deleting cookies from the JD Supra Website and Services you can do so by changing the settings in your web browser. To control cookies, most browsers allow you to either accept or reject all cookies, only accept certain types of cookies, or prompt you every time a site wishes to save a cookie. It's also easy to delete cookies that are already saved on your device by a browser.

The processes for controlling and deleting cookies vary depending on which browser you use. To find out how to do so with a particular browser, you can use your browser's "Help" function or alternatively, you can visit http://www.aboutcookies.org which explains, step-by-step, how to control and delete cookies in most browsers.

Updates to This Policy

We may update this cookie policy and our Privacy Policy from time-to-time, particularly as technology changes. You can always check this page for the latest version. We may also notify you of changes to our privacy policy by email.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about how we use cookies and other tracking technologies, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

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