News & Analysis as of

Limited Liability Company (LLC) Contract Terms

Freiberger Haber LLP

Questions of Fact Exist as to Plaintiff’s Standing to Commence Action Where Form of Company Changed From Corporation to LLC

Freiberger Haber LLP on

This BLOG has frequently addressed issues related to a party’s standing, in many different contexts, to commence litigation. In prior BLOG articles we have explained that in order to prosecute a lawsuit, the plaintiff must...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Did Chancery Court Just Crack Open the Door to Equitable Dissolution of LLCs?

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

Delaware Chancery Court’s contractarian approach to all things LLC, embedded statutorily in Section 18-1101(b) of the Delaware LLC Act (“It is the policy of this chapter to give the maximum effect to the principle of freedom...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Crossing the Hudson: Recent Business Divorce Decisions from Yonder States

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

Folks who’ve been following this blog for years know that periodically I like to venture beyond New York’s borders to find and report on interesting decisions from other states in business divorce cases....more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

New York Appellate Court’s Split Decision Involving Delaware LLC Pits “Harsh” Contractarianism Against “Fundamental Fairness”

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

Last week, the Manhattan-based Appellate Division, First Department, handed down one of the more intriguing decisions by a New York court I’ve seen in a long time involving a dispute between LLC members....more

Morris James LLP

Chancery Upholds Claims Against LLC Officers and Others Arising from Squeeze-Out of Minority Unitholders

Morris James LLP on

Cygnus Opportunity Fund, LLC v. Washington Prime Group, LLC, C.A. No. 2022-0718-JTL (Del. Ch. Aug. 9, 2023) - An Indiana corporation reorganized via bankruptcy into a Delaware LLC, and a senior note holder negotiated for...more

Hogan Lovells

Holifield v XRI: Delaware Supreme Court reinforces primacy of freedom of contract for LLC agreements

Hogan Lovells on

In Holifield v. XRI Investment Holdings LLC, No. 407, 2022 (Del. Sept. 7, 2023), the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the lower court’s determination that the defendant violated XRI Investment Holdings’ LLC agreement when he...more

Winstead PC

Entity Formation as a Process: The Strategic Importance of Carefully Drafting Limited Liability Company Agreements Before Forming...

Winstead PC on

From early-stage startups to seasoned enterprises, businesses eventually form at least one legal entity to carry out their operations. Down the road, as opportunities arise for a business to expand, acquire others, merge, or...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Dissolution Defined: The First Department’s Recent Guidance on Interpreting Operating Agreements

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

The owners’ agreement is the backbone of the closely-held business.  In intracompany LLC disputes, few things are more important than what the operating agreement has to say on the subject.  As a consequence, the pages of...more

Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart,...

U.S. District Court in Massachusetts Weighs in on the ‘Material Change’ Doctrine and Nurse Noncompetition Exemption

A recent ruling by the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts in a restrictive covenant case, Ascend Learning, LLC v. Bryan and SPIN-Learning, LLC, No. 22-cv-11978 (August 16, 2023), has implications for the...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

First Department Recognizes Cause of Action for Specific Performance of LLC Member Voting Agreement

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

In 1941, two of the three shareholders of Ringling Bros.-Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows, Inc. entered into an agreement stating that they would vote their combined 630 of the outstanding 1000 shares of Ringling Bros. stock...more

Dechert LLP

Texas Court Voids Lender’s Bankruptcy Consent Requirement

Dechert LLP on

Lenders often attempt to limit what a borrower can do outside the ordinary course of business by negotiating contractual protections. Some of these provisions are designed to make the borrowers bankruptcy remote by, for...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Scrivener’s Error Keeps Sailboat-Owning LLC Afloat

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

The members of Nite Cap’s owner, Bull-Poet, LLC, recently traded the full sheets and gentle seas of the Hudson for the strum and drang of litigation in New York’s Supreme Court.  But the squall has passed; thanks to New York...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

And a Time to Every Purpose Under . . . the Operating Agreement?

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

It’s a bit of a stretch to suggest that King Solomon prophesied the standard for judicial dissolution of LLCs, but there it is: under New York’s judicially construed standard for involuntary dissolution under Section 702 of...more

Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP

Prime Contractor Beware, No. 2: “Know Thy Owner”

Here’s the Scenario: After months of working with a new national developer (and providing hours of unreimbursed value engineering), you get the draft prime contract and see that the named “owner” will not be the hugely...more

Morris James LLP

A Proposal to Permit Equitable Defenses to Noncompliant Acts That Are Described as 'Void' in an LLC Agreement

Morris James LLP on

In CompoSecure v. CardUX, 206 A.3d 808 (Del. 2018), the Delaware Supreme Court held that when parties use the word “void” to describe the consequences of a noncompliant act under an LLC agreement, the act is deemed void ab...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

The Contract is King: Advancement and Indemnification Under Delaware Law

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

In last week’s New York Business Divorce, we wrote about an important decision from New York’s highest court, Sage Sys., Inc. v Liss (___ NY3d ___, 2022 NY Slip Op 05918 [Ct App Oct. 20, 2022]). In Sage, the Court of Appeals...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Warning: If You Want Legal Fee Advancement or Indemnification, You May Need to Amend Your Partnership, Shareholder, or Operating...

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

The universe works in mysterious ways. Four days ago, when I sat down to write this article, my plan was to feature a decision from Manhattan Commercial Division Justice Andrea J. Masley denying dismissal of a closely-held...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Magic Words Still Matter, and Equitable Defenses Can’t Save a “Void” Transfer

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

New York’s default rules regarding LLC members’ rights to transfer their interests appear in sections 603 and 604 of the LLC Law. Section 603 provides that a membership interest is fully assignable, but the assignee does not...more

Fox Rothschild LLP

A Member of a Delaware LLC Can Withdraw Their Membership by Implied Agreement

Fox Rothschild LLP on

The Court of Chancery recently concluded that a member of a Delaware LLC could reach an implied contractual agreement to withdraw as a member of the LLC, even if the LLC does not have a written operating agreement....more

Hicks Johnson

The Importance of “Plain and Unambiguous Language” When Eliminating Fiduciary Duties in Delaware

Hicks Johnson on

The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act allows for the fiduciary duties of a member to be expanded, restricted, or eliminated by provisions in the operating agreement of a limited liability company (“LLC”). If drafters...more

Patton Sullivan Brodehl LLP

Does an Operating Agreement’s Arbitration Clause Apply to a “Purported” LLC Member?

If an LLC’s Operating Agreement contains a sufficiently broad arbitration clause, most disputes raised by the LLC’s members relating to the LLC will be sent to arbitration (instead of the court system) for resolution. But...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

Anti-Dissolution Provisions and Public Policy

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

In Congel v Malfitano, New York’s highest court wrote that business partners are free to include in partnership contracts practically “any agreement they wish,” including about “the means by which a partnership will dissolve,...more

Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP

Avoiding the Pitfalls of Assigning an Interest in an LLC

One of the goals in a business divorce is finality – ending a business relationship once and for all. But what if the end isn’t really the end?...more

Farrell Fritz, P.C.

The Operating Agreement Controls, Unless Public Policy Says Otherwise

Farrell Fritz, P.C. on

Two principles often guide courts’ interpretation and enforcement of contracts.  First, courts respect parties’ freedom of contract, mostly.  So long as an agreement is not illegal or violative of a strong public policy,...more

International Lawyers Network

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of a...more

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