James Bogan III

James Bogan III

Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP

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Second Circuit bypasses the “construe ambiguities in favor of arbitration” rule in reversing order compelling arbitration

Takeaway: Parties seeking to compel arbitration often rely on the rule announced by the U.S. Supreme Court in Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24-25 (1983), providing that where an...more

4/1/2021  /  Arbitration , Arbitration Agreements , Breach of Duty , ERISA , Fiduciary Duty , Motion to Compel

Ninth Circuit divided panel revives krab mix false advertising class action

Takeaway: Context matters in false advertising class actions. Factors such as how an allegedly false representation is displayed, where it is displayed, and what else is disclosed on the label or advertisement all can...more

3/25/2021  /  Class Action , CLRA , False Advertising , Food Labeling , Unfair Competition Law (UCL)

Ninth Circuit holds public injunctive relief may be pursued by an individual in arbitration, thereby enforcing arbitration...

Takeaway: One of the most effective tools for a business to reduce its exposure to class action litigation is to include compulsory arbitration provisions and class action waivers in customer-facing contracts. But there are...more

3/1/2021  /  Arbitration , Class Action , CLRA , Federal Arbitration Act , Unfair Competition Law (UCL)

RICO class actions Ninth Circuit affirms dismissal of civil RICO claims by Volkswagen dealers

Takeaway: Class actions brought under federal RICO present significant risks for defendants. They present the opportunity for certification of a nationwide class under a federal statute, and the remedies provided under...more

2/8/2021  /  Class Action , Class Certification , RICO , Volkswagen

BIPA class actions: Seventh Circuit endorses pleading strategy calculated to avoid removal to federal court

Takeaway: As Judge Diane Wood of the Seventh Circuit recently observed in a putative class action alleging violations of Illinois’s Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA), “allegations matter” and “a plaintiff is the...more

1/29/2021  /  Article III , Biometric Information , Biometric Information Privacy Act , Class Action , Data Privacy , Injury-in-Fact , Standing

SCOTUS grants certiorari to resolve critical class action standing issue

Takeaway: In a prior article – Class action standing: Ninth Circuit holds members of a damages class must demonstrate Article III standing (March 31, 2020) – we discussed the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Ramirez v....more

1/26/2021  /  Article III , Certiorari , Class Action , FCRA , SCOTUS , Standing

CAFA: in opinion potentially at odds with two recent pro-removal decisions, Ninth Circuit rules that putative class action must be...

Takeaway: In a prior article – Ninth Circuit: two pro-defendant decisions clarify burdens regarding CAFA’s $5 million jurisdictional threshold (September 14, 2020) – we examined two recent Ninth Circuit cases where the...more

12/1/2020  /  CAFA , Class Action , Labor Code , Rest and Meal Break , Wage and Hour

BIPA class actions: Seventh Circuit holds that retention of “inherently sensitive” biometric data gives rise to standing

Takeaway: Article III standing requires an injury-in-fact. To allege an injury-in-fact, a claimant must show “‘an invasion of a legally protected interest’ that is ‘concrete and particularized’ and ‘actual or imminent, not...more

12/1/2020  /  Article III , Biometric Information , Biometric Information Privacy Act , Class Action , Data Collection , Data Retention , Injury-in-Fact , Standing

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act: Sixth Circuit solidifies circuit split ahead of anticipated Supreme Court ruling

Loose language in a criminal statute conferring a private cause of action – such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) – presents an interpretative dilemma for courts. The CFAA furthers the legitimate public interest in...more

11/23/2020  /  Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) , Confidential Information , Hackers , Unauthorized Access

Motions to strike class allegations: Ninth Circuit vacates order striking class allegations, ruling class discovery must go...

Takeaway: In a prior post, we reported on a Central District of California decision granting an early motion to strike class allegations. Don’t miss the chance to strike out class actions (Feb. 27, 2019). But on appeal,...more

10/27/2020  /  Class Action , Class Certification , Commonality , Discovery , FRCP 23 , Motion To Strike , Predominance Requirement

SCOTUS declines review of Second Circuit ruling endorsing class arbitration

Takeaway: The concept of class arbitration has endured stiff headwinds. In Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varella, 139 S. Ct. 1407 (2019), the Supreme Court ruled that a party cannot be required to participate in a class arbitration...more

10/20/2020  /  American Arbitration Association , Arbitration Agreements , Arbitrators , Civil Rights Act , Class Action , Class Arbitration , Lamps Plus Inc v Varela , SCOTUS , Title VII

Third Circuit weakens ascertainability requirement by lowering evidentiary bar

Takeaway: The Circuits have split on the issue of whether a class representative must show the class is “ascertainable.” The Third Circuit has required a Rule 23(b)(3) class to be “currently and readily ascertainable.” ...more

10/1/2020  /  Ascertainable Class , Class Action , Class Certification , Evidence , FRCP 23(b)(3)

Internet terms and conditions Second Circuit declines to enforce arbitration agreement

Takeaway: We have recently written about the challenges involved in enforcing “browsewrap” contracts. See Internet terms of use: Ninth Circuit enforces arbitration agreement accessible through browsewrap hyperlink (August...more

9/30/2020  /  Arbitration Agreements , Internet , Subway , Terms and Conditions , Websites

Ninth Circuit: two pro-defendant decisions clarify burdens regarding CAFA’s $5 million jurisdictional threshold

Takeaway: Class defendants prefer federal court. In any putative class action filed in state court, the first issue to analyze is whether the case can be removed to federal court, and any such analysis typically involves...more

9/14/2020  /  CAFA , Class Action , Jurisdiction , Remand , Removal

Internet terms of use: Ninth Circuit enforces arbitration agreement accessible through browsewrap hyperlink

Takeaway: Technology advances. Business processes evolve. Internet transactions become increasingly ubiquitous. Contract formation, however, remains an old-fashioned concept. An Internet consumer must, at a minimum, be...more

9/1/2020  /  Browsewrap Agreement , Clickwrap Agreements , Corporate Counsel , Terms of Use , Websites

Consumer class actions – Ninth Circuit holds that federal and not state law controls the award of equitable restitution under...

Takeaway: Federal courts sitting in diversity are supposed to apply state law. There is a critical distinction, however, between substantive rights created by state law, on the one hand, and remedies (especially equitable...more

8/28/2020  /  Class Action , CLRA , False Advertising , Restitution , Unfair Competition Law (UCL)

Fraud class actions: Ninth Circuit vacates $24 million class judgment on standing and predominance grounds

Takeaway: Class actions present significant risk, because a certified class exposes a class defendant to class-wide liability. Most defendants agree to settle rather than face the risk of a class verdict. But sometimes a...more

8/3/2020  /  Class Action , Corporate Counsel , Fraud , Predominance Requirement , Standing

RICO class actions: District of New Jersey dismisses with prejudice federal RICO claims asserted by indirect purchasers

Takeaway: Class actions brought under federal RICO present significant risk, because they present the opportunity for certification of a nationwide class under a federal statute and the remedies provided under federal RICO –...more

7/9/2020  /  Class Action , Dismissal With Prejudice , RICO , The Clayton Act

Sixth Circuit: incorporation of AAA Rules delegates “gateway” issue of arbitrability to the arbitrator

Takeaway: We have written a number of articles about class arbitration. See, e.g., Fifth Circuit: arbitrator’s decision to conduct class arbitration cannot be vacated (May 11, 2020). A key issue is whether the parties’...more

7/1/2020  /  American Arbitration Association , Arbitration , Arbitration Agreements , Class Arbitration

Ninth Circuit: Lost interest of under $4 sufficient to confer standing in consumer class action

Takeaway: When a company discovers it has been imposing improper charges, it might proactively seek to remedy the situation by refunding the charges. To avoid litigation, however, the company must consider including...more

6/29/2020  /  Article III , Class Action , Corporate Counsel , Injury-in-Fact , Putative Class Actions , Standing

Design defect class actions: split Ninth Circuit panel affirms exclusion of common defect expert testimony

Takeaway: Federal appellate courts review a district court’s rulings on motions for class certification and to exclude expert testimony for an abuse of discretion. The Ninth Circuit’s recent decision in Grodzitsky v....more

5/27/2020  /  Class Action , Class Certification , Design Defects , Expert Testimony

Big pharma antitrust class actions: Third Circuit gives primer on predominance in vacating class certification

Takeaway: Class action litigation tends to be complicated, especially for trial courts resolving motions for class certification. These motions usually require courts to pour through dense briefing and evidentiary...more

5/18/2020  /  Class Action , Class Certification , Pharmaceutical Industry , Predominance Requirement

Fifth Circuit: arbitrator’s decision to conduct class arbitration cannot be vacated

Takeaway: A lot of ink has been spilled on the issue of class arbitration, but this much is clear: If a federal court decides the class arbitration issue, then the proponent of class arbitration should lose, unless the...more

5/11/2020  /  Arbitration , Class Arbitration , Federal Arbitration Act , FLSA , Vacated

Data breach class actions: Illinois federal court dismisses negligence claims for lack of common law duty and based on the...

Takeaway: In a data breach class action, the typical panoply of claims asserted include tort claims (such as negligence and negligence per se), contractual claims (such as claims for breach of express and implied contracts),...more

5/1/2020  /  Class Action , Corporate Counsel , Cybersecurity , Data Breach , Data Protection , Economic Loss Doctrine , Negligence , Popular

Second Circuit rejects personal jurisdiction over claims by out-of-state class plaintiffs and again quashes claim of “reasonable...

The issue of personal jurisdiction in class action litigation continues to be addressed by the federal appellate courts. We recently published an article about the Seventh Circuit’s decision in Mussat v. IQVIA, No. 19-1204,...more

4/13/2020  /  Class Action , Class Certification , Dunkin' Donuts , Personal Jurisdiction
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JD Supra Privacy Policy

Updated: May 25, 2018:

JD Supra is a legal publishing service that connects experts and their content with broader audiences of professionals, journalists and associations.

This Privacy Policy describes how JD Supra, LLC ("JD Supra" or "we," "us," or "our") collects, uses and shares personal data collected from visitors to our website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") who view only publicly-available content as well as subscribers to our services (such as our email digests or author tools)(our "Services"). By using our Website and registering for one of our Services, you are agreeing to the terms of this Privacy Policy.

Please note that if you subscribe to one of our Services, you can make choices about how we collect, use and share your information through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard (available if you are logged into your JD Supra account).

Collection of Information

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We use the information and data we collect principally in order to provide our Website and Services. More specifically, we may use your personal information to:

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How We Protect Your Information

JD Supra takes reasonable and appropriate precautions to insure that user information is protected from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction. We restrict access to user information to those individuals who reasonably need access to perform their job functions, such as our third party email service, customer service personnel and technical staff. You should keep in mind that no Internet transmission is ever 100% secure or error-free. Where you use log-in credentials (usernames, passwords) on our Website, please remember that it is your responsibility to safeguard them. If you believe that your log-in credentials have been compromised, please contact us at privacy@jdsupra.com.

Children's Information

Our Website and Services are not directed at children under the age of 16 and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children under the age of 16 through our Website and/or Services. If you have reason to believe that a child under the age of 16 has provided personal information to us, please contact us, and we will endeavor to delete that information from our databases.

Links to Other Websites

Our Website and Services may contain links to other websites. The operators of such other websites may collect information about you, including through cookies or other technologies. If you are using our Website or Services and click a link to another site, you will leave our Website and this Policy will not apply to your use of and activity on those other sites. We encourage you to read the legal notices posted on those sites, including their privacy policies. We are not responsible for the data collection and use practices of such other sites. This Policy applies solely to the information collected in connection with your use of our Website and Services and does not apply to any practices conducted offline or in connection with any other websites.

Information for EU and Swiss Residents

JD Supra's principal place of business is in the United States. By subscribing to our website, you expressly consent to your information being processed in the United States.

  • Our Legal Basis for Processing: Generally, we rely on our legitimate interests in order to process your personal information. For example, we rely on this legal ground if we use your personal information to manage your Registration Data and administer our relationship with you; to deliver our Website and Services; understand and improve our Website and Services; report reader analytics to our authors; to personalize your experience on our Website and Services; and where necessary to protect or defend our or another's rights or property, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security, safety or privacy issues. Please see Article 6(1)(f) of the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") In addition, there may be other situations where other grounds for processing may exist, such as where processing is a result of legal requirements (GDPR Article 6(1)(c)) or for reasons of public interest (GDPR Article 6(1)(e)). Please see the "Your Rights" section of this Privacy Policy immediately below for more information about how you may request that we limit or refrain from processing your personal information.
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    • Right of Access/Portability: You can ask to review details about the information we hold about you and how that information has been used and disclosed. Note that we may request to verify your identification before fulfilling your request. You can also request that your personal information is provided to you in a commonly used electronic format so that you can share it with other organizations.
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    • Right to Restrict Our Processing or Erasure of Information: You also have the right in certain circumstances to ask us to restrict processing of your personal information or to erase your personal information. Where you have consented to our use of your personal information, you can withdraw your consent at any time.

You can make a request to exercise any of these rights by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
10 Liberty Ship Way, Suite 300
Sausalito, California 94965

You can also manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard.

We will make all practical efforts to respect your wishes. There may be times, however, where we are not able to fulfill your request, for example, if applicable law prohibits our compliance. Please note that JD Supra does not use "automatic decision making" or "profiling" as those terms are defined in the GDPR.

  • Timeframe for retaining your personal information: We will retain your personal information in a form that identifies you only for as long as it serves the purpose(s) for which it was initially collected as stated in this Privacy Policy, or subsequently authorized. We may continue processing your personal information for longer periods, but only for the time and to the extent such processing reasonably serves the purposes of archiving in the public interest, journalism, literature and art, scientific or historical research and statistical analysis, and subject to the protection of this Privacy Policy. For example, if you are an author, your personal information may continue to be published in connection with your article indefinitely. When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize it, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.
  • Onward Transfer to Third Parties: As noted in the "How We Share Your Data" Section above, JD Supra may share your information with third parties. When JD Supra discloses your personal information to third parties, we have ensured that such third parties have either certified under the EU-U.S. or Swiss Privacy Shield Framework and will process all personal data received from EU member states/Switzerland in reliance on the applicable Privacy Shield Framework or that they have been subjected to strict contractual provisions in their contract with us to guarantee an adequate level of data protection for your data.

California Privacy Rights

Pursuant to Section 1798.83 of the California Civil Code, our customers who are California residents have the right to request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes.

You can make a request for this information by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
10 Liberty Ship Way, Suite 300
Sausalito, California 94965

Some browsers have incorporated a Do Not Track (DNT) feature. These features, when turned on, send a signal that you prefer that the website you are visiting not collect and use data regarding your online searching and browsing activities. As there is not yet a common understanding on how to interpret the DNT signal, we currently do not respond to DNT signals on our site.

Access/Correct/Update/Delete Personal Information

For non-EU/Swiss residents, if you would like to know what personal information we have about you, you can send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com. We will be in contact with you (by mail or otherwise) to verify your identity and provide you the information you request. We will respond within 30 days to your request for access to your personal information. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why. If you would like to correct or update your personal information, you can manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard. If you would like to delete your account or remove your information from our Website and Services, send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com.

Changes in Our Privacy Policy

We reserve the right to change this Privacy Policy at any time. Please refer to the date at the top of this page to determine when this Policy was last revised. Any changes to our Privacy Policy will become effective upon posting of the revised policy on the Website. By continuing to use our Website and Services following such changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, your dealings with our Website or Services, or if you would like to change any of the information you have provided to us, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

JD Supra Cookie Guide

As with many websites, JD Supra's website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") and our services (such as our email article digests)(our "Services") use a standard technology called a "cookie" and other similar technologies (such as, pixels and web beacons), which are small data files that are transferred to your computer when you use our Website and Services. These technologies automatically identify your browser whenever you interact with our Website and Services.

How We Use Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies

We use cookies and other tracking technologies to:

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There are different types of cookies and other technologies used our Website, notably:

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JD Supra Cookies. We place our own cookies on your computer to track certain information about you while you are using our Website and Services. For example, we place a session cookie on your computer each time you visit our Website. We use these cookies to allow you to log-in to your subscriber account. In addition, through these cookies we are able to collect information about how you use the Website, including what browser you may be using, your IP address, and the URL address you came from upon visiting our Website and the URL you next visit (even if those URLs are not on our Website). We also utilize email web beacons to monitor whether our emails are being delivered and read. We also use these tools to help deliver reader analytics to our authors to give them insight into their readership and help them to improve their content, so that it is most useful for our users.

Analytics/Performance Cookies. JD Supra also uses the following analytic tools to help us analyze the performance of our Website and Services as well as how visitors use our Website and Services:

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Facebook, Twitter and other Social Network Cookies. Our content pages allow you to share content appearing on our Website and Services to your social media accounts through the "Like," "Tweet," or similar buttons displayed on such pages. To accomplish this Service, we embed code that such third party social networks provide and that we do not control. These buttons know that you are logged in to your social network account and therefore such social networks could also know that you are viewing the JD Supra Website.

Controlling and Deleting Cookies

If you would like to change how a browser uses cookies, including blocking or deleting cookies from the JD Supra Website and Services you can do so by changing the settings in your web browser. To control cookies, most browsers allow you to either accept or reject all cookies, only accept certain types of cookies, or prompt you every time a site wishes to save a cookie. It's also easy to delete cookies that are already saved on your device by a browser.

The processes for controlling and deleting cookies vary depending on which browser you use. To find out how to do so with a particular browser, you can use your browser's "Help" function or alternatively, you can visit http://www.aboutcookies.org which explains, step-by-step, how to control and delete cookies in most browsers.

Updates to This Policy

We may update this cookie policy and our Privacy Policy from time-to-time, particularly as technology changes. You can always check this page for the latest version. We may also notify you of changes to our privacy policy by email.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about how we use cookies and other tracking technologies, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

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