Parol Evidence › Evidence

Court of Appeals Finds The Phrase "Other Good And Valuable Consideration" In A Contract To Be A Clear And Unambiguous Statement

In Schron v. Troutman Saunders LLP, 2013 NY Slip Op 00952 (N.Y. Feb 24, 2013), the New York Court of Appeals held that the phrase “other good and valuable consideration” within a contract was not ambiguous, and therefore...more

Pendergrass: The 78 Year Reign has Ended

After decades of criticism, the California Supreme Court recently overturned Bank of America etc. Assn. v. Pendergrass, 4 Cal.2d 258 (1935) (Pendergrass) which narrowed the fraud exception to the parol evidence rule. ...more

Reconsidering the Fraud Exception to the Parol Evidence Rule

The California Supreme Court has removed a legal barrier for litigants seeking to invalidate contracts on the basis of fraud. Overruling a 75-year old decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the parol evidence rule does...more

The Quest For Contractual Certainty

The California Supreme Court has re-examined and largely restricted the scope of the parol evidence rule (Code of Civil Procedure §1856) in the case of RiverIsland Cold Storage, Inc. v. Fresno-Madera Production Credit...more